4,331 research outputs found
Comparison of pooled data from 20 studies for TM-VO<sub>2meas</sub> and TM-VO<sub>2pred</sub> against HRI-VO<sub>2</sub>.
No full textA. Comparison of group mean data for 20 TM-VO2meas and TM-VO2pred studies against HRI-VO2 (mean ± SE), B. Comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness tertiles from 20 studies for TM-VO2meas against HRI-VO2 (mean ±SE). Percentage difference between TM-VO2meas and HRI-VO2 shown within figure and C. Comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness tertiles from 20 studies for TM-VO2pred against HRI-VO2 (mean ±SE). Percentage difference between TM-VO2pred and HRI-VO2 shown within figure.</p
Synthesis optimization and charge carrier transfer mechanism in LiLuSiO<sub>4</sub>:Ce, Tm storage phosphor
No full textLiLuSiO4:Ce and LiLuSiO4:Ce, Tm show very efficient charge carrier storage properties upon beta irradiation after samples have received treatment in vacuum. They outperform the commercial storage phosphor BaFBr(I):Eu2+ in many aspects. The influence of the synthesis conditions, Ce and Tm concentration, nonstoichiometry and codoping with Ca, Hf, Al and Ge are reported. Based on the results of the synthesis optimization, thermoluminescence (TL) emission and TL excitation spectra a mechanism of charge carrier transfer, storage, and recombination during irradiation and thermal or optical readout is proposed.Accepted Author ManuscriptRST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyRST/Luminescence Material
Heart rate and oxygen consumption data for TM-VO<sub>2meas</sub> and TM-VO<sub>2pred</sub>.
No full textGroup mean (± 1SD) heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) data. HRrest, HRpeak, HRI-VO2 and VO2peak for TM-VO2meas and TM-VO2pred.</p
Textural and Rule-based Lithological Classification of Remote Sensing Data, and Geological Mapping in Southwestern Prieska Sub-basin, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa
No full textAlthough remote sensing has been widely used in geological investigations, the lithological classification of the area interested, based on medium-spatial and spectral resolution satellite data, is often not successful because of the complicated geological situation and other factors like inadequate methodology applied and wrong geological models.
The study area of the present thesis is located in southwest of the Prieska sub-basin, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. This area includes mainly Neoarchean and Proterozoic sedimentary rocks partly uncomfortably covered by uppermost Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic rocks and Tertiary to recent soils and sands. The Precambrian rocks include various formations of volcanic and intrusive rocks, quartzites, shales, platform carbonates and Banded Iron Formations (BIF). The younger rocks and soils include dikes and shales, glacial sedimentary rocks, coarser siliciclastic rocks, calcretes, aeolian and fluvial sands, etc. Prospect activity for mineral deposits necessitates the detailed geological map (1:100000) of the area.
In this research, a new rule-based classification system (RBS) was put forward, integrating spectral characteristics, textural features and ancillary data, such as general geological map (1:250000) and elevation data, in order to improve the lithological classification accuracy and the subsequent mapping accuracy in the study area. The proposed technique was mainly based on Landsat TM data and ASTER data with medium resolution. As ancillary data sets, topographic maps and general geological map were also available. Software like ERDAS©, Matlab©, and ArcGIS© supported the procedures of classification and mapping.
The newly developed classification technique was performed by three steps. Firstly, the geographic and atmospheric correction was performed on the original TM and ASTER data, following the principal component analysis (PCA) and band ratioing, to enhance the images and to obtain data sets like principal components (PCs) and ratio bands. Traditional maximum-likelihood supervised classification (MLC) was performed individually on enhanced multispectral image and principal components image (PCs-image). For TM data, the classification accuracy based on PCs-image was higher than that based on multispectral image. For ASTER data, the classification accuracy of PCs- image was close to but lower, than that of multispectral image. As one of the encountered Banded Iron Formations, the Griquatown Banded Iron Formation (G-BIF) was recognized well in TM-principal components image (PCs-image).
In the second step, textural features of different lithological types based on TM data were analyzed. Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based textural features were computed individually from band 5 and the first principal component (PC1) of TM data. Geostatistics-based textural features were computed individually from the 6 TM multispectral bands and 3 principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3). These two kinds of textural features were individually stacked as extra layers together with the original 6 multispectral bands and the 6 principal components to form several new data sets. Ratio bands were also individually stacked as extra layers with 6 multispectral bands and 6 principal components, to form other new data sets. In the same way new data sets were formed based on ASTER data. Then, all of the new data sets were individually classified using a maximum likelihood supervised classification (MLC), to produce several classified thematic images. The classification accuracy based on the new data sets are higher than that solely based on the spectral characteristics of original TM and ASTER data. It should be noticed that for one specific rock type, the class value in all classified images should correspond to its identified (ID) value in digital geological map.
The third step was to perform the rule-based system (RBS) classification. In the first part of the RBS, two classified images were analyzed and compared. The analysis was based on the classification results in the first step, and the elevation data detracted from the topographic map. In comparison, the pixels with high possibility of being classified correctly (consistent pixels) and the pixels with high possibility of being misclassified (inconsistent pixels) were separately marked. In the second part of the RBS, the class values of consistent pixels were kept unchanged, and the class values of inconsistent pixels were replaced by their values in digital geological map (1:250000). Compared to the results solely based on spectral characteristics of TM data (54.3%) and ASTER data (66.41%), the new RBS classification improved the accuracy (83.2%) significantly. Based on the classification results, the detailed lithological map (1:100000) of the study area was edited.
Photo-lineaments were interpreted from multi data source (MDS), including enhanced satellite images, slope images, shaded relief images and drainage maps. The interpreted lineaments were compared to those, digitized from general geological map and followed by a simple lineament analysis compared to published literatures. The results show the individual merits of lineament detection from MDS and general geological map. A final lineament map (1:100000) was obtained by integrating all the information.
Ground check field work was carried out in 2009, to verify the classification and mapping, and the results were subsequently incorporated into the mapping and the classification procedures. Finally, a GIS-based detailed geological map (1:100000) of the study area was obtained, compiling the newly gained information from the performed classification and lineament analysis, from the field work and from published and available unpublished detailed geological maps.
The here developed methods are proposed to be used for generation of new, detailed geological maps or updates of existent general geological maps by implementing the latest satellite images and all available ancillary data sets. Although final ground check field work is irreplaceable by remote sensing, the here presented research demonstrates the great potential and future prospects in lithological classification and geological mapping, for mineral exploration
Metal–Metal Bonding Stabilized Ground State Structure of Early Transition Metal Monoxide TM–MO (TM = Ti, Hf, V, Ta)
No full textIt
is commonly believed that early transition metal monoxides (TM–MOs)
crystallize in simple rock-salt structures (symmetry FM3̅M) for their ground states. Here, by combining
structure-searching algorithm and first-principles calculations, we
identified structures that are more stable than the ideal rock-salt
for the early TM–MOs (TM = Ti, Hf, V, Ta). For TiO, HfO, and
TaO, ground state symmetries of P6̅2M), I41/AMD and P1̅ are obtained, respectively, which
have distinct structural and electronic properties compared to the
rock-salt structure. However, it is rather complex for the case of
VO due to the existence of magnetic ordering. For VO, magnetic ordering
behavior exists in the rock-salt and the predicted P1̅ structure according to the hybrid functional calculations.
After relaxation, the magnetic ordering causes local distortion in
the original rock-salt structure, leading to a R3̅M symmetry, which becomes more stable than the predicted P1̅ structure. Furthermore, the ionic TM–O
bonding of the predicted phases is rather weaker than that of their
rock-salt counterparts. While the enhanced metal–metal bonding
characterized by the distances between the nearest-neighboring metallic
atoms is found to be responsible for the stabilization of the ground
state structures discovered here. Our findings deepen the understanding
of the ground state of early TM–MOs, which is vital for the
unraveling of the complete physical picture for transition metal monoxides
Line of identity and Bland Altman plot for TM-VO<sub>2pred</sub>.
No full textA. Line of identity for TM-VO2pred and B. against Bland Altman plot for TM-VO2pred against HRI-VO2.</p
Line of identity and Bland Altman plot for TM-VO<sub>2meas</sub>.
No full textA. Line of identity for TM-VO2meas and B. against Bland Altman plot for TM-VO2meas against HRI-VO2.</p
Reproductibilité du système métabolique Fitmate TM Cosmed pour mesurer la dépense énergétique sous maximale du pédalage
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction.-The purpose of this study was to test the reproducibility of the Fitmate TM metabolic system in measuring breathing gas during a cycling exercise.Synthesis of the facts.-Twenty-one participants performed during two sessions three 5-min exercises at submaximal intensities (16, 18 et 21 km/h). The reproducibility of respiratory variables was assessed between the two sessions.Results.-Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two sessions and for all intensities ranged from 0.61 to 0.71 for VO 2 and from 0.79 to 0.89 for VE. Coefficients of variation CV are always lower than 10% for all parameters and all speeds. These results indicate a good reproducibility for VE and a satisfactory reproducibility for VO 2 and cycling efficiency. Conclusion.-The Fitmate TM portable metabolic analyzer provides reproducible measures of VO 2 and VE during steady-state exercise that allows the assessment of energy expenditure in a simple manner in a clinical framework.Introduction.-Le but de cette étude est de vérifier la reproductibilité des mesures respiratoires au moyen du système métabolique Fitmate TM , au cours d'un exercice de cyclisme sous maximal.Synthèse des faits.-Vingt-et-une personnes ont effectué, lors de deux sessions, un exercice composé de trois fois cinq minutes de pédalage à des intensités sous maximales (16, 18 et 21 km/h). La reproductibilité des mesures respiratoires était analysée entre les deux sessions.Résultats.-Les coefficients de corrélation intraclasse (ICC) entre les deux sessions et pour les trois intensités varient de 0,61 à 0,71 pour VO 2 et de 0,79 à 0,89 variant pour VE. Les coefficients de variation (CV) sont inférieurs à 10 % pour tous les paramètres et à toutes les vitesses. Ces résultats indiquent une bonne reproductibilité pour VE et une reproductibilité satisfaisante pour VO 2 ou le rendement du pédalage.Conclusion.-Le système Fitmate TM apparaît comme un système reproductible pour la mesure de VE et VO 2 à des intensités sous maximales et permet ainsi l'évaluation de la dépense énergétique de façon rapide et aisée dans un cadre d'évaluation clinique
GA Landsat 5 TM Analysis Ready Data Collection 3
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: asNeededStatement: This product is derived from the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD43A1 Version 6 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function and Albedo (BRDF/Albedo) Model Parameters dataset was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It was produced daily using 16 days of Terra and Aqua MODIS data at 500 m resolution.
The ozone data was provided by Environment Canada.
The Aerosol Optical Thickness data was provided by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO).
The Precipitable Water for Entire Atmosphere data was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) / Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) / Physical Sciences Division (PSD).
The baseline Digital Surface Model (DSM) data produced from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
Level 1 Collection 1 data was provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS)'s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center.<b>BACKGROUND</b><br/><p><br/><p>The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Landsat satellite program has been capturing images of the Australian continent for more than 30 years. This data is highly useful for land and coastal mapping studies. <br/><p>In particular, the light reflected from the Earth’s surface (surface reflectance) is important for monitoring environmental resources – such as agricultural production and mining activities – over time. <br/><p>We need to make accurate comparisons of imagery acquired at different times, seasons and geographic locations. However, inconsistencies can arise due to variations in atmospheric conditions, sun position, sensor view angle, surface slope and surface aspect. These need to be reduced or removed to ensure the data is consistent and can be compared over time. <br/><p> </p><br/><b>WHAT THIS PRODUCT OFFERS</b><br/><p><br/><p>GA Landsat 5 TM Analysis Ready Data Collection 3 takes Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery captured over the Australian continent and corrects for inconsistencies across land and coastal fringes. The result is accurate and standardised surface reflectance data, which is instrumental in identifying and quantifying environmental change. <br/><p><br/><p>The TM instrument is an advanced, multispectral scanning, Earth resources sensor which is designed to categorise the Earth's surface. It is particularly useful for agricultural applications and identification of land use. <br/><p><br/><p>This product is a single, cohesive Analysis Ready Data (ARD) package, which allows you to analyse surface reflectance data as is, without the need to apply additional corrections. <br/><p><br/><p>It contains three sub-products that provide corrections or attribution information:<br/><p><br/><p> 1) GA Landsat 5 TM NBAR Collection 3 <br/><p> 2) GA Landsat 5 TM NBART Collection 3<br/><p> 3) GA Landsat 5 TM OA Collection 3<br/><p><br/><p>The resolution is a 30 m grid based on the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive
The dependence of light extraction improvement on optimized surface microstructure for AlGaN-based UVC-LEDs considering TM-polarized emission
No full textIn order to improve the light extraction of AlGaN-based short wavelength ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUC-LEDs), a type of microstructure with high aspect ratio is introduced and optimized on the AlN substrate surface. And, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to inverse design of the surface microstructure to maximize the light extraction efficiency (LEE). Considering that the propagation characteristics of TM-polarized light are different from that of TE-polarized light, the optical field distribution and LEE is analyzed for the UVC-LEDs with different TE-polarized component when the optimized surface microstructure is applied. Furthermore, the preparation process tolerance of the high aspect ratio structure is discussed by calculating the LED's LEE when the structural deviation occurs or morphology changes. Simulation results show that, by using the optimized surface microstructure based on parabola cone array, the LEDs' LEE is increased from 4.4% to 8.7% and from 0.4% to 3.7% for TE-polarized and TM-polarized emission, respectively. In addition, it is demonstrated that the light extraction improvement by the surface microstructure has a good tolerance to the structural deviation and morphology. The results are significant for improving light extraction and realizing high efficient short wavelength AlGaN-based UVC-LEDs by designing surface microstructures.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.ImPhys/Esmaeil Zadeh grou
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