1,721,341 research outputs found
Time for integration: communication in the immune system
No full textSignals exchanged between cells in the immune system are generated at specific
contact regions termed "immunological synapses" (IS). The morphology and the
functions of IS vary with circumstances and include directing secretion and
integrating positive and negative signals to tune the extent of response - a
model that is essentially derived from neurosciences. Indeed, the mechanisms of
signal integration and antigen decoding are not yet completely understood and
many hypotheses are worked out
Platelet-RichPlasmaPreparations for Biological Therapy: Applications and Limits
No full textPlatelets are anucleate blood cells characterized as primary effectors of hemostasis. The rationale for the therapeutic use of platelets as a surgical adjuvant is to make platelet-derived factors locally available for tissue healing. Several platelet-derived growth factors have been recently characterized, able to favor both wound healing and angiogenesis. Biological therapies using platelet-richplasma (PRP) preparations are currently being used, making it essential to expand our knowledge on the sequential events that characterize PRP action. Studies on the efficacy of PRP in human subjects are still scarce, probably because of the relatively recent clinical applications of PRP. In some case control studies and in several noncontrolled clinical trials, PRP has been found effective. However, the results of most studies are hampered by relevant confounding variables such as the variations of PRP characteristics even in patients with similar platelet counts. PRP essentially acts as a growth factor reservoir, inducing mitogenesis, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis at the site of application. However, notwithstanding several different characteristics between them, all platelet-enriched products are called PRP, which makes the distinctions difficult. Hence, although PRPs represent a promising tool of clinical application, many questions are still open, such as the appropriate indications for its clinical use as well as the effective concentrations and quantities for each product to be used in each therapeutic situation
ABSORBING LYMPHATIC VESSEL OF THE GALT AND LYMPHOCYTE HOMING UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL INFLAMMATION
No full textThe role of anthropometry in preventive medicine
No full textAnthropometry, as static and dynamic quantitative anatomy, is involved in several bio-medical areas like auxology, senescence, sport activity and preventive medicine. The commonest application of anthropometry in prevention is aimed to monitoring the health status and the obesity in the population and in the single subject. To this purpose, the World Health Organization (WHO) studied the anthropometric values in several countries, suggesting recommendations and guidelines for methodological standardization. Although WHR and BMI are the commonest indices used to assess health status and to prevent obesity, they are not informative about body composition, for which more sophisticated methodologies are required. Today anthropometry is the key discipline for the quantitative definition of health determinants, their longitudinal follow-up and for physical exercise prescription: in other words, for prevention, as witnessed by the exponentially growing number of scientific publications during the last decade
ABSORBING LYMPHATIC VESSEL OF THE GALT AND LYMPHOCYTE HOMING UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL INFLAMMATION
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