1,355,030 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
In vivo imaging of cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer using positron emission tomography
No full textBackground and aims: Positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F labelled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) is an established imaging tool, although the recent development of a biologically stable thymidine analogue [18F] 3'-deoxy-3-fluorothymidine (18FLT) has allowed PET to image cellular proliferation by utilising the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis. In this study, we have compared uptake of 18FLT and 18FDG with MIB-1 immunohistochemistry to evaluate the role of PET in quantifying in vivo cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Patients and methods: Patients with resectable, primary, or recurrent CRC were prospectively studied. Thirteen lesions from 10 patients (five males, five females), median age 68 years (range 54–87), were evaluated. Patients underwent 18FDG and 18FLT PET scanning. Tracer uptake within lesions was quantified using standardised uptake values (SUVs). Histopathological examination and MIB-1 immunohistochemistry were performed on all lesions, and proliferation quantified by calculating a labelling index (% of MIB-1 positively stained nuclei within 1500 tumour cells).
Results: Histology confirmed adenocarcinoma in 12 of 13 lesions; the remaining lesion was reactive. All eight extrahepatic lesions were visualised using both 18FLT and 18FDG. Three of the five resected liver metastases were also avid for 18FLT and showed high proliferation, while the remaining two lesions which demonstrated no uptake of 18FLT had correspondingly very low proliferation. There was a statistically significant positive correlation (r =0.8, p<0.01) between SUVs of the tumours visualised with 18FLT and the corresponding MIB-1 labelling indices. No such correlation was demonstrated with 18FDG avid lesions (r =0.4).
Conclusions: 18FLT PET correlates with cellular proliferation markers in both primary and metastatic CRC. This technique could provide a mechanism for in vivo grading of malignancy and early prediction of response to adjuvant chemotherapy
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist
No full textGlutathione (GSH) has been described for a long time just as a defensive reagent
against the action of toxic xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens). As a
prototype antioxidant, it has been involved in cell protection from the noxious
effect of excess oxidant stress, both directly and as a cofactor of glutathione
peroxidases. In addition, it has long been known that GSH is capable of forming
disulfide bonds with cysteine residues of proteins, and the relevance of this
mechanism ("S-glutathionylation") in regulation of protein function is currently
receiving confirmation in a series of research lines. Rather paradoxically,
however, recent studies have also highlighted the ability of GSH-and notably of
its catabolites-to promote oxidative processes, by participating in metal
ion-mediated reactions eventually leading to formation of reactive oxygen species
and free radicals. A crucial role in these phenomena is played by membrane bound
gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. The significance of GSH as a major factor in
regulation of cell life, proliferation, and death, should be regarded as the
integrated result of all these roles it can play
A first experiment on the STANISLAS cohort using closed frequent pattern search
No full textCe document est un poster . Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceKnowledge Discovery in databases (KDD) can be seen as the analysis of large sets of observational data to find unsuspected relationships and to summarize the data in novel ways that may be both understandable and useful for the analyst. The relationships and summaries derived through the KDD process are referred as models or patterns [1]. Data mining is the central step of the KDD process, where algorithms are run for extracting models or patterns of interest. Methods and Data In the present view, the analyst is an expert of the data domain who is in charge of controlling the whole KDD process, mainly by interaction with the system and by iteration of some important steps of the process, such as data selection, parameter adjustment, result interpretation and validation. In a preliminary study conducted on a test biological database in the domain of mushrooms [2], satisfying and positive results have been obtained. This has led us to start the analysis of data from a real-world database, namely the STANISLAS cohort. In both experiments, we have used the Close algorithm, for extracting closed frequent patterns and association rules [3]. Patterns are sets of items that are extracted from a formal database, i.e. a boolean array of the form individuals items, where an individual may own or not a given item. A pattern is said to be frequent if the number of individuals owning the pattern is greater than a given frequency threshold. Then approximation rules can be extracted from a pattern, with a confidence measuring the proportion of individuals verifying the rule within the formal database. The STANISLAS cohort is a longitudinal study started in 1993 which is made up of 1006 caucasian families supposed to be healthy and from homogeneous origin, recruited for medical examination at the Centre for Preventive Medicine of Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy [4]. These families are studied for exploring genotypes and intermediate phenotypes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CVD are multifactorial pathologies resulting from gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. There is an increasing number of studies led in the field of CVD. Many results are obtained enlightening new potential risk factors. In parallel, the volume of data generated is growing, due to the development of leading technologies (like multiplex technologies or microarrays) coupled with studies involving big populations. Facing this huge volume of data, new kinds of data analysis methods are required, such as symbolic data mining methods, in order to determine disease susceptibility profiles. The collected information being at our disposal can be either qualitative or quantitative, and it is of many type: - environmental data : personal past history, life habits,... - clinical data : bodymass index, height, weight, blood pressure... - biological data related to risk factors : lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) such as concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, apoB, apoE..., concentration of ACE, cellular adhesion molecules, and inflammation molecules - genetic data corresponding to gene polymorphisms related to cardiovascular diseases, and dealing for instance with lipids metabolism, blood pressure, or inflammation. Results In our first experiments, we have chosen to work on a subset of data from the STANISLAS cohort that has already been studied, and has given results with classical statistical analysis previously published in [5]. Briefly, the subset concerns 772 men and 780 premenopausal women, unrelated genetically, without any treatment that could interfere with cardiovascular physiopathology. For practical reasons, we have chosen to work on concentration of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in mmol/L, genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein (apo) E and apo B that has proven to be associated with LDL-C in the Pallaud's study, and common risk factors used in this kind of study, e.g. age, sex, alcohol consumption (g/day), smoking, body mass index (kg/m2), use of oral contraceptive. The extracted rules and patterns are in agreement with the knowledge of the analyst and with the literature. In this way, we have have obtained two types of results : 1) Already known results. For example, we have done a projection on people with genotype 4/4 for the apo E polymorphism. An extracted rule states that 19 of the 25 individuals who are apo E 4/4 have their LDL concentration that exceeds the norm established by the National Cholesterol Education Program (LDL concentration must be smaller or equal to 1.60 g/l (inferior 3.44 mmol/l)). This rule is in accordance with the knowledge of the analyst and with published results [6]. 2) New results. For instance, the interpretation of an interesting rule has led us to invest the genotype distributions in a subset of our population. This study has given to us significant statistical results, never published in the literature to our knowledge. Other results of the same kind have been found, and further investigations are currently under development. These first results of the application of symbolic data mining methods on the STANISLAS cohort are very encouraging. In the next future, we plan to conduct investigations both in the application and the theoretical fields, e.g. studying sequences of data taking time into account. The parallel validation of our results by statistical tests has given some guarantees with respect to the extracted knowledge units. These units can be considered as hypotheses, and in turn, data mining methods may provide new hypothesis to be tested using statistics. This is an original and promising way of combining data mining methods, i.e. association rule extraction, and statistics. We are currently working on this combination and we plan to obtain more interesting results and a general methodology for mining biological data. Acknowledgments This work is supported by INSERM and the Région Lorraine References [1] D. Hand, H. Mannila and P.Smyth, Principles of Data Mining, The MIT Press, Cambridge (MA), 2001 [2] S. Maumus, A. Napoli, R. Taouil and S. Visvikis, A first study of the central role of the analyst in the knowledge discovery process in biology. Poster presentation, ISMB 2002, August 3-7, Edmonton, Canada. [3] N. Pasquier, Y. Bastide, R. Taouil and L. Lakhal, Pruning Closed Itemset Lattices for Association Rules. International Journal of Information Systems, 24:25-46, 1999 [4] G. Siest, S. Visvikis, B. Herbeth, R. Gueguen, M. Vincent-Viry, C. Sass, B. Beaud, E. Lecomte, J. Steinmetz, J. Locuty and P. Chevrier, Objectives, design and recruitment of a familial and longitudinal cohort for studying gene-environment interactions in the field of cardiovascular risk: the Stanislas cohort. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medecine, 36:35-42, 1998 [5] C. Pallaud, R. Gueguen, C. Sass, M. Grow, S. Cheng, G. Siest ,and S. Visvikis, Genetic influences on lipid metabolism trait variability within the STANISLAS Cohort. Journal of Lipid Research, 42:1879-1890, 2001 [6] G. Siest, T. Pillot, A. Regis-Bailly, B. Leininger-Muller, J. Steinmetz, M.M. Galteau and S. Visvikis, Apolipoprotein E: an important gene and protein to follow in laboratory medicine. Clinical Chemistry, 41:1068-86, 199
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
