1,720,956 research outputs found
Activity preferences of 9- to 10-year-old girls and the relationship between object control skills and physical activity levels : the NW-Child Study
No full textEarly object control (OC) skills proficiency is reported to be related to long-term physical activity (PA). The percentage of participation in moderate- and high-intensity PAs and the relationship between PA levels and OC skills in 9- to 10-year-old girls in South Africa are described while considering ethnic differences in activity preferences. OC skills were assessed in 406 girls by means of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), while the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey was used to assess PAs and patterns in 406 girls (89 white, 317 black) with a mean age of 9.86±0.42 years. The activity choices of white and black girls differed, where black girls spent a high percentage of their time (83.60%) doing household chores, walking, rope skipping and playing street soccer, while white girls engaged more in sport and non-organised activities. Significantly (p≤0.00; d=0.83, d=0.5) more white girls participated in moderate- and high-intensity activities. PA choices showed a small relationship with OC skills. Girls should receive more exposure to be more physically active. More emphasis should be placed on activities that can improve OC skill
The relationship between object control skills, health-related physical fitness and physical activity in 9- to 10-year old girls : the NW-CHILD study
Full text linkMA (Kinderkinetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015Several researchers report that object control skills, health-related physical fitness and physical activity are not optimally developed in children. It is also evident from the literature that children, especially girls, are not active enough these days. These trends are disturbing as these are important factors that play a role in the health and sports development later in the child's life.
Firstly, this dissertation attempts to examine the relationship between object control skills and health-related physical fitness in nine to ten-year old girls in the North-West Province of South Africa. Secondly, the relationship between object control skills and physical activity levels and patterns in nine to ten-year old girls in the North-West Province of South Africa was investigated.
Data were collected by means of a stratified randomised sample of 408 girls with a mean age of 9,86 years (±0,42) who participated in the NW-CHILD study. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) (Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005) strength sub-test (standing long jump, push-ups, sit-ups, wall sit and V-up) was used to determine the girls’ strength, the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) (Ulrich, 2000) was used to determine the learners’ object control skills and the FITNESSGRAM (Meredith & Welk, 2008) was used to evaluate the girls’ cardiovascular endurance. The Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey (CLASS) was used to evaluate the physical activity pattern of the girls. Stature, body mass and skinfolds (subscapular, triceps and calf) were measured according to standard kinantropometric protocols. The STATISTICA software package was used to analyse the data.
Small but significant correlations were found between object control skills and strength, aerobic fitness and the body composition of the group. According to the healty fitness zone (HFZ) classification, 49.62% (n=198) of girls were categorised as being in the HFZ with regard to their BMI and 54.14% (n=216) in the HFZ with regards to the FAT%. This indicates that object control skills are influenced by factors that can contribute to the health of young girls. Participation in physical activities should therefore be increased. Appropriate development of object control skills (OC) and strength skills in girls is recommended to prevent delays in sports participation.
Further investigation involved racial differences in activity performances. Ninety white and 318 black girls with a mean age of 9.86 years participated in this study. OC skills were assessed. Statistically (p≤0.001) and practically significant differences between the white and black girls were found, where the white girls participated more in ten of the moderate intensity physical activities than the black girls and the black girls participated more in three of these activities. Activities in which white girls mostly participated contributed significantly to higher moderate to high intensity.Master
Proficiency at object control skills by nine–to ten year old children In South Africa: The NW–child study
No full textSummary - Adequate profciency at object control skills, which is in?uenced by biological and environmental constraints, underlies the development of more complex sport–specific skills. This study describes profciency at six object control skills and demographic correlates associated with each skill and each skill criteria in 9– to 10–year–old children who were randomly selected from 20 schools (N= 826) and tested with the Test of Gross Motor Development 2. Cross–tabulation and hierarchical linear models were used to analyze the effects of sex (433 boys, 393 girls), ethnicity (619 Black, 207 White), and high (n= 312) and low (n= 514) socioeconomic school environments. Twenty–three percent of the sample showed below average pro?ciency. Signi?cant cant sex and socioeconomic school environment differences were found favoring boys and children from higher socioeconomic environments, although kicking showed significant interaction e?ects. It is concluded that environmental opportunities are the primary cause of differences across skills and the rates at which the skills are learned.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Activity preferences of 9- to 10-year-old girls and the relationship between object control skills and physical activity levels: the NW-child study
No full textEarly object control (OC) skills proficiency is reported to be related to long-term physical activity (PA). The percentage of participation in moderate- and high-intensity PAs and the relationship between PA levels and OC skills in 9- to 10-year-old girls in South Africa are described while considering ethnic differences in activity preferences. OC skills were assessed in 406 girls by means of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), while the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey was used to assess PAs and patterns in 406 girls (89 white, 317 black) with a mean age of 9.86±0.42 years. The activity choices of white and black girls differed, where black girls spent a high percentage of their time (83.60%) doing household chores, walking, rope skipping and playing street soccer, while white girls engaged more in sport and non-organised activities. Significantly (p≤0.00; d=0.83, d=0.5) more white girls participated in moderate- and high-intensity activities. PA choices showed a small relationship with OC skills. Girls should receive more exposure to be more physically active. More emphasis should be placed on activities that can improve OC skills.Keywords: Motor proficiency; Children; Socio-economic status; Ethnic preferenc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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