17 research outputs found
Intergenerational Mobility, Middle Sectors and Entrepreneurship in Uruguay
No full textThis paper estimates the relationship between parents educational attainment and income and children\u27s schooling in Uruguay between 1982 and 2010. This relationship is interpreted as a measure of intergenerational social mobility, and the paper reports evidence that it has decreased over time. The paper finds that the probability that the children of the more educated remain among the more educated has grown, with analogous results for the less educated. As a result, the improvements in education of the 1980s and 1990s were unevenly distributed, with a bias against the disadvantaged. The paper also finds that while entrepreneurship status and belonging to the middle class matter in terms of social mobility as measured by compulsory education, i.e., primary school and the first three years of secondary school, they do not have a notable effect on noncompulsory education, i.e., the last three years of secondary school and higher
Intergenerational Mobility, Middle Sectors and Entrepreneurship in Uruguay
No full textThis paper estimates the relationship between parents educational attainment and income and children's schooling in Uruguay between 1982 and 2010. This relationship is interpreted as a measure of intergenerational social mobility, and the paper reports evidence that it has decreased over time. The paper finds that the probability that the children of the more educated remain among the more educated has grown, with analogous results for the less educated. As a result, the improvements in education of the 1980s and 1990s were unevenly distributed, with a bias against the disadvantaged. The paper also finds that while entrepreneurship status and belonging to the middle class matter in terms of social mobility as measured by compulsory education, i.e., primary school and the first three years of secondary school, they do not have a notable effect on noncompulsory education, i.e., the last three years of secondary school and higher.
On intergenerational (im)mobility in Latin America
No full textThis paper studies intergenerational mobility in Latin America and shows that, in addition to the well-documented fact that the Latin American income distribution is highly unequal, profound differences in opportunities persist from one generation to the next. Comparing final educational achievements for 18 Latin American countries, this paper finds that measures of the persistence in educational achievements across generations, such as beta- and partial correlation coefficients, are high. This persistence is correlated with high returns to education, relatively low progressivity in public investments in education, and inequality of opportunity. An index of inequality of opportunity (including dimensions beyond an individual's control such as race, gender and parental income background) is estimated at around 40 %, which is high by international standards. The paper also explores country differences in intergenerational mobility. While in Costa Rica, circumstances explain below 15 % of the observed variance in education, in Chile, they amount to almost half the explained variance. The findings imply that there is room for targeted redistributive policies that improve intergenerational mobility
Generative AI in Education: A Framework for Leveraging Digital Tools in Latin American Classrooms
No full textDocumento de Políticas Públicas N° 35Generative Artificial lntelligence (AI) has the potential to help educators tackle persistent challenges-such as complex problem-solving and personalized mentoring-while preserving the essential human elements of judgment and empathy. Focusing on Latin American classrooms, this study explores how Al- powered chatbots can complement teachers in elementary and secondary education. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative evidence, we identify strategies to minimize gender gaps, strengthen teacher preparedness, and maximize student engagement. The study proposes actionable policies, including targeted teacher training, gender-inclusive Al adoption strategies, and scalable hybrid teaching models, as well as a blueprint for testing chatbot effectiveness. By incorporating a gender lens and a phased Al adoption strategy, our study not only outlines best practices for Al deployment but also offers empirical insights into how chatbots impact learning engagement, teacher preparedness, and student equity. Our framework serves as a guide for policymakers aiming to integrate Al tools in a way that supports-not replaces-educators while addressing disparities in access and usage.Levy Yeyati, E., Robano, V., Pereiro, E., Porto, C., Koleszar, V. (2025). Generative AI in Education: A Framework for Leveraging Digital Tools in Latin American Classrooms. [Documento de Políticas Públicas. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella]. Repositorio Digital Universidad Torcuato Di Tella. https://repositorio.utdt.edu/handle/20.500.13098/1334
Intergenerational mobility, middle sectors and entrepreneurship in Uruguay
No full textSe estudia la relación entre el nivel educativo de los padres y el ingreso y la enseñanza de los niños en Uruguay entre 1982 y 2010. Esta relación es interpretada como una medida de la movilidad social intergeneracional, y la investigación reporta que ha decrecido a través del tiempo
Multidimensional Targeting and Evaluation: A General Framework with an Application to a Poverty Program in Bangladesh
No full textMany poverty, safety net, training, and other social programs utilize multiple screening criteria to determine eligibility. We apply recent advances in multidimensional measurement analysis to develop a straightforward method for summarizing changes in groups of eligibility (screening) indicators, which have appropriate properties. We show how this impact can differ across participants with differing numbers of initial deprivations. We also examine impacts on other specially designed multidimensional poverty measures (and their components) that address key participant deficits. We apply our methods to a BRAC ultra-poverty program in Bangladesh, and find that our measures of multidimensional poverty have fallen significantly for participants. This improvement is most associated with better food security and with acquisition of basic assets (though this does not mean that the cause of poverty reduction was program activities focused directly on these deficits). In general, we find that the BRAC program had a greater impact on reducing multidimensional poverty for those with a larger initial number of deprivations. We also showed how evaluation evidence can be used to help improve the selection of eligibility characteristics of potential participants
Multidimensional targeting and evaluation : a general framework with an application to a poverty program in Bangladesh
No full textMany poverty, safety net, training, and other social programs utilize multiple screening criteria to determine eligibility. We apply recent advances in multidimensional measurement analysis to develop a straightforward method for summarizing changes in groups of eligibility (screening) indicators, which have appropriate properties. We show how this impact can differ across participants with differing numbers of initial deprivations. We also examine impacts on other specially designed multidimensional poverty measures (and their components) that address key participant deficits. We apply our methods to a BRAC ultra-poverty program in Bangladesh, and find that our measures of multidimensional poverty have fallen significantly for participants. This improvement is most associated with better food security and with acquisition of basic assets (though this does not mean that the cause of poverty reduction was program activities focused directly on these deficits). In general, we find that the BRAC program had a greater impact on reducing multidimensional poverty for those with a larger initial number of deprivations. We also showed how evaluation evidence can be used to help improve the selection of eligibility characteristics of potential participants
Multidimensional targeting and evaluation:: a general framework with an application to a poverty program in Bangladesh
No full textMany poverty, safety net, training, and other social programs utilize multiple screening criteria to determine eligibility. We apply recent advances in multidimensional measurement analysis to develop a straightforward method for summarizing changes in groups of eligibility (screening) indicators, which have appropriate properties. We show how this impact can differ across participants with differing numbers of initial deprivations. We also examine impacts on other specially designed multidimensional poverty measures (and their components) that address key participant deficits. We apply our methods to a BRAC ultra-poverty program in Bangladesh, and find that our measures of multidimensional poverty have fallen significantly for participants. This improvement is most associated with better food security and with acquisition of basic assets (though this does not mean that the cause of poverty reduction was program activities focused directly on these deficits). In general, we find that the BRAC program had a greater impact on reducing multidimensional poverty for those with a larger initial number of deprivations. We also showed how evaluation evidence can be used to help improve the selection of eligibility characteristics of potential participants.</p
Public procurement as a driver of innovation and entrepreneurship
No full textEl documento analiza la efectividad de la contratación pública (PP) para estimular el desarrollo y expansión de emprendimientos innovadores, centrándose en determinar si existe un efecto diferenciado para las empresas emergentes. Se analizan dos mecanismos a través de los cuales la contratación pública tiene un efecto positivo en las empresas: (i) haciendo posible alcanzar una escala suficiente para expandirse en el mercado doméstico o en el extranjero y, (ii) ii) complementando los programas de promoción de la innovación que operan como impulsores de la oferta innovadora de un país. Para el total de la muestra de las empresas analizadas, y el conjunto de las tres variables principales (crecimiento del empleo, crecimiento de las ventas y crecimiento de las exportaciones), no se encontró evidencia que indique que ser un proveedor del estado afecte el desarrollo y la expansión de las empresas. Sin embargo, se rechaza la hipótesis nula de que la contratación pública no tiene efecto en el crecimiento de las exportaciones / ratio de rotación de las empresas emergentes. De hecho, tanto en el caso de aquellos que no han realizado innovación como en el de los innovadores, ser un proveedor público está ligado a una mayor orientación al mercado exterior. También se rechaza la hipótesis nula de que no hay impacto en la interacción de las políticas de oferta y demanda. [basado en resumen de los autores
