1,720,985 research outputs found
A Game-Theoretical Incentive Mechanism for Local Energy Communities
No full textLocal energy communities (LECs) are structures based on the collaboration of neighbouring prosumers for suiting their energy requests. Prosumers are users participating in the community, which are able to produce energy rather than just consuming it. These communities have the purpose to incentivize usage of renewable energy. Inside them, it is possible to have members that trade energy in a peer-to-peer (P2P) fashion: prosumer can trade their energy surplus with consumers, so that profits remain inside the community and energy is not unnecessarily taken from outside, which avoids strain on the grid and transmission losses. In this work, the goal is to create a game theory model of a P2P market for LECs which takes into account the behavior of prosumers, assuming each of them will aim for their own benefit. The model has the objective to incentivize prosumers to self-consume their own energy, and balance as much as possible production and consumption through the community. The proposed model is described and analyzed with respect to other existing models with similar purposes, both from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Results show that our model obtains good performances in all the analyzed aspects, outperforming existing ones
Intelligent Local Energy Communities: A Multiagent System Approach
No full textThe electric power grid undergoes a transformation, with many consumers becoming both producers and consumers of electricity. This transformation poses challenges to the existing grid as it was not designed to have reverse power flows. Local energy communities are effective in addressing those issues and engaging grid users to play an active role in the energy transition. Such communities encourage the consumption of the excess of renewable energy locally, which reduces the stress on the grid and the costs for the users. In this paper, we present a multiagent system developed to implement an intelligent local energy community. The multiagent system models the energy grid as a network of computational agents that solve energy flow problems in a coordinated way and use the solutions for controlling flexible loads. The model effectively distributes the tasks among the agents considering the flows of electricity and heat. The Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers determines the agent interaction protocol. The obtained results demonstrate the ability of the multiagent system to automate an intelligent operation of the community while reducing the energy costs and ensuring the grid stability
Incentive mechanisms for the secure integration of renewable energy in local communities: A game-theoretic approach
No full textIn the context of local energy communities (LECs), prosumers are the main actors, as they can both produce and consume energy. Prosumers can interact with each other, and peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading allows prosumers belonging to the same LEC to exchange energy with each other. This allows energy production to be consumed internally by the community, which has the benefits of reducing costs for energy consumption and reducing the amount of energy traveling from/to the external grid, which causes transmission losses and wears and tear to the grid itself. This paper proposes a design for the P2P market from a game-theoretical point of view, where prosumers are modeled as selfish agents whose goal is to maximize their own profits in energy trading. The purposes of this market design are to (i) discourage prosumers from curtailing their own energy production, (ii) avoid congestions as much as possible, (iii) encourage self-consumption from prosumers, and (iv) guarantee that the selfish behavior of prosumers allows for a common strategy. Furthermore, this work considers the possibility of prosumers making coalitions between themselves, and show how this still allows for the existence of a common strategy. Simulations of the proposed market design have been run on data from a grid in Cardiff, UK, and show how the proposed mechanism allows for cost reduction and encourages energy self-consumption. Experiments results show that the system discourages the formation of small coalitions, and encourages instead cooperation from all the prosumers in the community
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Worst-case bounds on the quality of max-product fixed-points
Get PDFWe study worst-case bounds on the quality of any fixed point assignment of the max-product algorithm for Markov Random Fields (MRF). We start proving a bound
independent of the MRF structure and parameters. Afterwards, we show how this bound can be improved for MRFs with particular structures such as bipartite graphs or grids.
Our results provide interesting insight into the behavior of max-product. For example, we prove that max-product provides very good results (at least 90% of the optimal) on MRFs
with large variable-disjoint cycles (MRFs in which all cycles are variable-disjoint, namely that they do not share any edge and in which each cycle contains at least 20 variables)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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