13 research outputs found
Les avis consultatifs au Canada : omniprésents, déterminants, banalisés et déroutants. Essai critique de Carissima Mathen, Courts Without Cases: The Law and Politics of Advisory Opinions, Oxford, Hart, 2019 et Kate Puddister, Seeking the Court’s Advice: The Politics of the Canadian Reference Power, Vancouver, UBC Press, 2019
No full textLes avis consultatifs font partie intégrante de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle canadienne. L’exécutif fédéral a le privilège exclusif de pouvoir soumettre pratiquement toute question de droit, abstraite ou non, à la Cour suprême du Canada, alors que les exécutifs provinciaux peuvent en faire autant auprès de leur Cour d’appel respective. Ces tribunaux ont, en principe, l’obligation de répondre. Au fil des ans, les « renvois » ont traité d’une multitude de sujets, y compris de la répartition fédérale des compétences, du rapatriement de la Constitution, du mariage entre personnes de même sexe, de la réforme du Sénat et de la possible sécession d’une province. Si l’analyse du contenu des renvois constitue un pilier de la plupart des cours de droit constitutionnel, l’institution même a étonnamment largement échappé à une analyse approfondie.Deux ouvrages majeurs, publiés à quelques mois d’intervalle, comblent avec brio cette lacune. Dans Courts Without Cases: The Law and Politics of Advisory Opinions et Seeking the Court’s Advice: The Politics of the Canadian Reference Power, la constitutionnaliste Carissima Mathen et la politologue Kate Puddister décodent habilement la théorie et la pratique des avis consultatifs sous des angles disciplinaires distincts, mais complémentaires. Deux aspects problématiques ressortent particulièrement de cette analyse croisée.Il s’agit, en premier lieu, du risque d’instrumentalisation des tribunaux par la branche exécutive. De fait, l’apparent affront à la séparation des pouvoirs a conduit plusieurs pays de common law (mais pas tous) à rejeter la pratique des avis consultatifs. Pourquoi n’est-ce pas le cas du Canada? En second lieu, malgré leur caractère officiellement non contraignant, les renvois sont lus, enseignés, cités, critiqués, plaidés et largement rédigés comme s’il s’agissait d’arrêts rendus en appel, arrêts qui eux sont évidemment contraignants. Comment expliquer la force normative déroutante d’« avis » qui n’ont plus de « consultatifs » que le nom?Cet essai critique place les deux ouvrages en conversation l’un avec l’autre. L’auteure y ajoute ses propres interrogations et réflexions, notamment sur le rôle et le statut des renvois dans une perspective comparative. L’essai examine les origines, l’évolution et le cadre normatif des « avis consultatifs », ainsi que les motivations « stratégiques » qui fondent la décision de l’exécutif de demander — ou non — un avis consultatif. En conclusion, l’auteure avance une hypothèse sur cette singulière institution qui ne fonctionne pas en théorie, mais plutôt bien en pratique. Les « renvois » représenteraient-ils un autre élément de la culture constitutionnelle du Canada, qui voit s’entrecroiser et s’influencer de manière si fluide les sources formelles et informelles, écrites et non écrites, officielles et effectives du droit?Advisory opinions form an integral part of Canadian constitutional jurisprudence. The federal executive has the exclusive privilege of requesting that the Supreme Court of Canada provide answers on basically any question of law, abstract or not. The provincial executives can request the same of their respective Courts of Appeal. By law, Courts have to respond. Over the years, “references” have dealt with a flurry of topics, including the federal division of powers, patriation of the Constitution, same-sex marriage, Senate reform, and the eventual secession of a province. While canvassing the content of references is a mainstay of most constitutional law courses, the actual institution of “advisory opinions” is surprisingly understudied.Two significant books, published just months apart, valiantly address this lacuna. In Courts Without Cases: The Law and Politics of Advisory Opinions and Seeking the Court’s Advice: The Politics of the Canadian Reference Power, constitutionalist Carissima Mathen and political scientist Kate Puddister skillfully decode the theory and practice of advisory opinions from distinct, but complementary disciplinary lenses. Two issues particularly stand out in this overlapping and interrelated analysis.First is the risk of the executive’s instrumentalization of courts. In fact, the apparent affront to the separation of powers has led several (but not all) common law jurisdictions to reject the practice of advisory opinions. Why is this not the case in Canada? Second, despite their officially non-binding nature, references are read, taught, cited, critiqued, argued and largely drafted just as regular appeal decisions. How can the puzzling normative force of advisory opinions—which have, over time, become “advisory” in name only—be explained?This review essay puts the two books in conversation with one another. The author adds her own interrogations and insights, notably on the role and legal status of references in comparative perspective. The essay surveys the origins, evolution and normative framework of “advisory opinions,” as well as the “strategic” motivations behind the executive’s decision to request—or not—an advisory opinion. In conclusion, the author offers a hypothesis on this odd institution that does not work in theory, but actually works in practice: could “references” be another element in Canada’s singular constitutional culture, in which formal and informal, written and unwritten, official and effective sources of law so fluidly dance together
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoisocyanides in Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs): A Facile Synthesis of Substituted 3(5H)‐Pyrrolin‐2‐ones via a Dimroth‐Type Rearrangement.
No full text[4 + 1] Cycloaddition reactions of o-thioquinones with isocyanides: novel syntheses of 2-imino-1,3-oxathioles
No full texto-Thioquinones, generated in situ from o-hydroxyphenylthiophthalimides, underwent facile [4 + 1] cycloaddition reactions with isocyanides to afford 2-imino-1,3-oxathioles
Strategies for heterocyclic construction via novel multicomponent reactions based on isocyanides and nucleophilic carbenes
No full textThis Account focuses mainly on our recent endeavors in the area of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) involving zwitterionic species generated by the addition of isocyanides and nucleophilic carbenes such as dimethoxycarbene and N-heterocyclic carbenes to activated alkynes. The strategy employed encompasses the interception of 1:1 zwitterionic species, generated in situ with a wide range of electrophiles. The new MCRs developed offer an efficient and convenient entry into several heterocycles of biological and synthetic importance
[4 + 1] Cycloaddition Reactions of o‐Thioquinones with Isocyanides: Novel Syntheses of 2‐Imino‐1,3‐oxathioles.
No full textStrategies for Heterocyclic Construction via Novel Multicomponent Reactions Based on Isocyanides and Nucleophilic Carbenes
No full textTherapeutics
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