3,949 research outputs found
“Desde mi cama, revuelta”. Reflexiones tullidas para una revolución en horizontal= "From my bed, revolted". Crippled reflections for a horizontal revolution.
No full textResumenEn “Teoría de la Mujer Enferma” la autora Johanna Hedva (2018) pregunta ¿cómo se rompe la ventana de un banco con un ladrillo si no puedes salir de la cama?, para referirse a los modos de protesta y participación que son permitidos para las personas enfermas. En un mundo donde la protesta y la revolución se manifiestan en acciones públicas, ¿qué formas de revuelta y tácticas de resistencia son posibles para los cuerpos que no son físicamente capaces de situarse en la calle? Este artículo busca responder a esta pregunta proponiendo una revisión a nuestras prácticas de revuelta y revolución, lidiando con las implicaciones de lo que ambas excluyen. Basándome en materiales de mi investigación doctoral, la cual explora experiencias de mujeres con dolor cronificado, utilizo fotografías y extractos de una de las entrevistas realizadas durante el trabajo de campo, para proponer visualidades e imaginarios radicales que las personas enfermas o con discapacidad emplean cada día. En otras palabras, este artículo propone una reflexión de formas de revuelta y tácticas de resistencia tullidas para pensar en cómo se vive una revolución en horizontal.AbstractIn "Sick Woman Theory" author Johanna Hedva (2018) asks "how do you throw a brick through the window of a bank if you can't get out of bed?", to refer to the modes of protest and participation that are permissible for sick people. In a world where protest and revolution are manifested in public actions, what forms of revolt and tactics of resistance are possible for bodies that are physically unable to situate themselves in the street? This article seeks to answer this question by proposing a revision to our practices of revolt and revolution, grappling with the implications of what both exclude. Drawing on materials from my doctoral research, which explores the experiences of women with chronic pain, I use photographs and excerpts from one of the interviews conducted during fieldwork to propose radical visualities and imaginaries that sick or disabled people employ every day. In other words, this article proposes a reflection of forms of revolt and crippled resistance tactics to think about how a revolution is lived horizontally
Corrigendum: Radiological features of gastrointestinal lymphoma (Gastroenterology Research and Practice (2016) 2016 (2498143))
No full textIn the article titled "Radiological Features of Gastrointestinal Lymphoma" [1], the name of the second author was given incorrectly, with the first and last names reversed.The revised author list is shown above
Role of Imaging in the Assessment of Age Estimation
No full textAge assessment by skeletal age estimation of unknown individuals is of paramount importance in forensic science, both for assessing imputability (if the author of a crime is old enough to be tried and judged), both in case of unaccompanied minors, or whether refugees and asylum seekers are adults or juveniles, which implies different legal issues and procedures. The aim of this article is to review the age estimation methods used in forensic practice
A biographic researcher in pursuit of an aesthetic: the use of arts-based (re)presentations in “performative” dissemination of life stories
No full textThe (re)presentation of biographic narrative research benefits greatly from embracing the art of its craft. This requires a renewed interest in an aesthetic of storytelling. Where do we find an aesthetic in which to base our new "performative" social science? The 20th Century was not kind to 18th Century notions of what truth and beauty mean. The terms need to be re-examined from a local, quotidian vantage point, with concepts such as 'aesthetic judgment' located within community. Social Constructionism asks us to participate in alterior systems of belief and value. The principles of Nicolas Bourriaud's Relational Aesthetics offer one possible set of convictions for further exploration. Relational Art is located in human interactions and their social contexts. Central to it are inter-subjectivity, being-together, the encounter and the collective elaboration of meaning, based in models of sociability, meetings, events, collaborations, games, festivals and places of conviviality. Bourriaud believes that Art is made of the same material as social exchanges. If social exchanges are the same as Art, how can we portray them? One place to start is in our (re)presentations of narrative stories, through publications, presentations and performances. Arts-based (re)presentation in knowledge diffusion in the post-modern era is explored as one theoretical grounding for thinking across epistemologies and supporting inter-disciplinary efforts. An example from my own published narrative biography work is described, adding credence to the concept of the research report/presentation as a 'dynamic vehicle', pointing to ways in which biographic sociology can benefit from work outside sociology and, in turn, identifying areas of possible collaboration with the narrator in producing 'performances' within published texts themselves
The divine scribe: A new interpretation of the Gaṇeśa episode from the Mahābhārata
No full textThe Gaṇeśa episode from the Mahābhārata, widely regarded as a late addition, narrates the mythical circumstances that led to the first written record of the poem: Vyāsa asks Gaṇeśa to write down the whole epic at his dictation. In the past, the episode was claimed to represent an attempt to promote the figure of Gaṇeśa, a god on the rise. Nevertheless, this explanation fails to account for the connection between the god and the act of writing an original work. A closer examination of the episode is therefore needed, with a view to reaching a more satisfactory interpretation. Our assumption is that the passage should be read as a realistic staging of the questions raised by the re- lationship between author, symbolised by Vyāsa, and scribe, symbolised by Gaṇeśa. In this context, the figure of Gaṇeśa serves to emphasize the relevance of the technology of writing and its professionals
Post(mortem) Cartographies: Re-framing the cartographic exhaustion in the age of mapping’s excess
No full textThis chapter discusses the proliferation of the ‘map trope’ as the favoured representational and navigational tool for contemporary spatial narratives and analyses. However, it contextualises such excess within the broader exhaustion and death of cartography (Wood, 2003) observed in the field of geography. In so doing, the author distinguishes different forms of critique or ‘postures’ (Agamben, 2015)—which can be alternatively couched in terms of ‘exhaustion’ or ‘excess’—through which the resurgence of mapping theories and practices is generally debated in the field of critical and cultural geography. To illustrate such theoretical clashes, two caricatures are recruited, that of the ‘exhausted geographer’, who restlessly criticises maps and their power even though acknowledging their representational limits, and the ‘the geographer of the excess’, who considers mapping more enthusiastically and investigates it as a more than representational tool and other than a uniquely political means of spatial control and order. The author attempts to set a dialogue and a comparison between diverse exhausted and excessive positions on mapping in order to advance a different medium of a theory which explores—both speculatively and practically—contemporary mapping through an affirmative but nonetheless critical lens
Viral hepatitis is associated with reduced bone mineral density in HIV-infected women but not men.
No full textOBJECTIVE:: Few studies have examined the impact of viral hepatitis on bone mineral density (BMD), and none have done so among HIV-infected patients. Our objective was to determine whether viral hepatitis was associated with low BMD in HIV. DESIGN:: A cross-sectional study among 1237 HIV-infected patients (625 with viral hepatitis). METHODS:: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained. Clinical data, hepatitis B and C status, and markers of bone metabolism were determined at dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between hepatitis and low BMD (Z-scor
LO: An Accountable Mempool for MEV Resistance
No full textManipulation of user transactions by miners in permissionless blockchain systems is a growing concern. This problem is a pervasive and systemic issue that incurs high costs for users of decentralised applications and is known as Miner Extractable Value (MEV). Furthermore, transaction manipulations create other issues such as congestion, higher fees, and system instability. Detecting transaction manipulations is difficult, even though it is known that they originate from the pre-consensus phase of transaction selection for building blocks, at the base layer of blockchain protocols. In this paper, we summarize known transaction manipulation attacks. We present LO, an accountable base layer protocol designed to detect and mitigate transaction manipulations. LO is built around the accurate detection of transaction manipulations and assignment of blame at the granularity of a single mining node. LO forces miners to log all the transactions they receive into a secure mempool data structure and to process them in a verifiable manner. Overall, LO quickly and efficiently detects censorship, injection or re-ordering attempts. Our performance evaluation shows that LO is also practical and only introduces a marginal performance overhead.Data-Intensive System
Endokrine Störungen verursacht durch Umweltchemikalien : Wirkungen auf Schlüsselenzyme des Steroidhormon-Metabolismus von Menschen und Tieren
No full textMany environmental chemicals are suspected of disturbing the human and animal endocrine system. These so-called endocrine disruptors can operate in many ways. The interaction of endocrine disruptive effects that eventually endanger human health is still unclear. However, one of the basic mecha-nisms of endocrine disruption is the inhibition of key enzymes in the hormone metabolism. In this study, we focused on the inhibitory potency of suspected endocrine disrupting compounds on aromatase (P450arom) and 5alpha-reductase (5alpha-Re) activities in human tissue and human cancer cells. Both enzymes are essential for the human sex steroid hormone metabolism. We were able to demonstrate that the organotin compounds tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) are potent unspecific inhibitors of P450arom and 5alpha-Re activity. Prochloraz and fenarimol inhibited P450arom activity at low concentrations (IC5010 µM). While the human tissue assay proved to be more practical and sensitive as a screening tool for putative endocrine disruptors, the cell assay reflected partly the situation in vivo. In another experimental series, we investigated the inhibitory effect of TPT on P450arom, 5alpha-Re, 3beta-HSD type 2, 17beta-HSD type 1 and type 3 alone and in combination with the strong antioxidant dithioerythrithol (DTE). TPT inhibited unspecifically all enzymes that were tested. The experiments also showed that DTE is able to compensate the adverse effects of TPT, and that the effectiveness of the compensatory activity of DTE differs among the enzymes investigated. The suppressed 5alpha-Re activity could not be reactivated with DTE. Conceivably, cysteine residues that are responsible for the tertiary and quarternary structure of the enzyme are critical targets for TPT. A human sampling study was undertaken with the COMPRENDO partner in Gdansk. 60 Polish and 15 German blood samples were investigated for chemical residues and sex hormone concentrations. In addition, 15 placenta samples from Poland and Germany, respectively, were tested for chemical residues, P450arom activities and CYP19 mRNA contents. The chemical analysis was performed by the COMPRENDO partners in Milan (p,p´DDE), Orleans (TBT and TPT) and Ioannina (diuron, fenarimol, linuron und vinclozolin). The results showed that individual sex hormone concentrations in blood were not correlated with chemical body burden. The detected differences in sex hormone concentrations, specific aromatase activity and relative CYP19 mRNA content of Polish and German donors were presumably the result of other factors than the ones determined in this study. Another task of the EU-project was the investigation of the effects of chemical exposure of the aquatic model organisms Pimephales promelas, Rutilus rutilus and Xenopus laevis. We investigated the specific P450arom and 5alpha-Re activities in brain and gonads of the animals. During the qualitative investigation of the androgen metabolism in Xenopus laevis brain, 5alpha-reductase activity was discovered for the first time. In contrast to the inhibitory potency of TPT discovered in our enzyme assays, TPT exposure of aquatic model organisms had no observed effect on enzyme activity in the organs investigated, except for P450arom activities in female gonads of Pimephales promelas at 320 ng TPT/L. In this group, mean P450arom activities were elevated, possibly as a result of an overshooting upregulation due to the inhibition of P450arom by TPT. The exposure of Rutilus rutilus and Xenopus laevis to the effector substances methyltestosterone and letrozole resulted in slightly different mean enzyme activities compared to the control group. In conclusion, many of the tested pesticides are able to inhibit P450arom and 5alpha-Re, and thus might be of clinical relevance. However, results are not always coherent, and possible risks for human and wildlife health are therefore difficult to predict. Risk assessment will require large studies with an additional number of short and long term in vitro and in vivo assays. Any extrapolation to humans should be very meticulously performed.Viele Umweltchemikalien stehen im Verdacht, das endokrine System von Menschen und Tieren zu schädigen. Diese sogenannten endokrinen Disruptoren können auf verschiedene Weise wirken. Das Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen endokrinen Wirkungen, welches letztendlich zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Gesundheit führt, ist bis jetzt noch unklar. Einer der wesentlichen Faktoren für endokrine Schädigung ist jedoch die Inhibition von Schlüsselenzymen im Hormonmetabolismus, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht wird. In erster Linie wurde die inhibitorischen Wirkung potentieller endokriner Disruptoren auf die Aktivität von Aromatase (P450arom) und 5alpha-Reduktase (5alpha-Re) in menschlichen Geweben und humanen Krebszellen untersucht. Diese beiden Enzyme sind für den humanen Sexualsteroid-hormon-Metabolismus unerlässlich. Die Organozinnverbindungen Tributylzinn (TBT) und Triphenylzinn (TPT) wurden als starke unspezifische Inhibitoren der P450arom und 5alpha-Re identifiziert. Prochloraz und Fenarimol hemmten die P450arom- Aktivität bereits bei niedrigen Konzentrationen (IC5010 µM). Als Screening-Test für endokrine Disruptoren erwies sich der Gewebe-Enzymtest als überaus geeignet, da er empfindlich reagiert und einfach zu handhaben ist. Dagegen spiegelt der Krebszell-Enzymtest zu einem gewissen Teil die Situation in vivo wider. In einer weiteren Studie wurde die inhibitorische Wirkung von TPT auf die Enzyme P450arom, 5alpha-Re, 3beta-HSD Typ 2, 17beta-HSD Typ 1 und Typ 3 allein und in Kombination mit dem starken Antioxidanz Dithioerythritol (DTE) untersucht. TPT hemmte unspezifisch alle getesteten Enzyme in ihrer Aktivität. Die Untersuchungen zeigten außerdem, dass DTE den schädigenden Effekt von TPT kompensieren kann und dass dieser schützende Effekt unterschiedlich stark bei den getesteten Enzymen ist. Die TPT-supprimierte 5alpha-Re-Aktivität konnte durch den Einsatz von DTE nur teilweise wiederhergestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse führen zu der Vermutung, dass Cysteinreste, die durch die Ausbildung von Disulfidbrücken entscheidend für die Tertiär- und Quartärstruktur des Enzyms sind, einen kritischen Angriffspunkt für TPT darstellen. Im Rahmen des EU-Projekts COMPRENDO wurde ein Human-Biomonitoring mit unseren Partnern in Danzig durchgeführt. Blutproben von 60 Probanden in Polen und 15 Probanden in Deutschland wurden auf Chemikalien-rückstände und Konzentrationen von Sexualhormonen getestet. Außerdem wurden je 15 Plazentaproben aus Polen und Deutschland auf Chemikalienrückstände, spezifische P450arom-Aktivität und CYP19 mRNA-Gehalt untersucht. Die Chemikalienanalyse wurde von COMPRENDO-Partnern in Mailand (p,p´DDE), Orleans (TBT und TPT) und Ioannina (Diuron, Fenarimol, Linuron und Vinclozolin) durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass individuelle Sexualhormon-Konzentrationen im Blut mit den jeweiligen Chemikalienrückständen nicht korrelierten. Für die Unterschiede der Sexualhormon-Konzentrationen, der spezifischen P450arom-Aktivität und des relativen CYP19-Gehalts, die zwischen den beiden Gruppen in Polen und Deutschland gemessen wurden, sind daher andere Faktoren verantwortlich als die hier gemessenen. Eine weitere gemeinsam mit EU-Partnern durchgeführte Studie sollte Aufschluss über die Wirkung einer Chemikalienexposition auf die aquatischen Modellorganismen Xenopus laevis, Rutilus rutilus und Pimephales promelas geben. Es wurden die spezifischen Enzymaktivitäten in den Gehirnen und Gonaden der Tiere untersucht. Bei der qualitativen Untersuchung des Androgenmetabolismus im Gehirn von Xenopus laevis wurde zum ersten mal 5beta-Reduktase-Aktivität nachgewiesen. Im Unterschied zur starken inhibitorischen Wirkung von TPT in unseren Enzymtests fanden wir keine veränderten P450arom- oder 5alpha-Re-Aktivitäten in den untersuchten Organen, außer in den Ovarien von Pimephales promelas, die einer Konzentration von 320 ng TPT/L ausgesetzt waren. In dieser Gruppe war die mittlere P450arom-Aktivität erhöht, wahrscheinlich durch eine überschießende Hochregulierung, die durch die Inhibition durch TPT ausgelöst wurde. Die Substanzen Methyltestosteron und Letrozol führten im Vergleich zur Kontrollsubstanz Ethanol zu veränderten Enzymaktivitäten bei Rutilus rutilus und Xenopus laevis. Mehrere der getesteten Chemikalien inhibieren die P450arom- und/oder die 5alpha-Re-Aktivität und können daher von klinischer Relevanz sein. Allerdings sind die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Experimente nicht immer einheitlich, daher lassen sich Schlussfolgerungen möglicher Gefahren für den Menschen und Tiere nur schwer ziehen. Für eine bessere Risikoabschätzung werden Studien mit verschiedenen in vitro und in vivo Kurz- und Langzeit-Testsysteme benötigt. Jede Extrapolation auf den Menschen sollte jedoch immer mit größter Sorgfalt erfolgen
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