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High frequency of psychopathology in subjects wishing to lose weight: an observational study in Italian subjects
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of psychiatric disorders in subjects wishing to lose weight categorized according to BMI.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: An academic outpatient clinical nutrition service in Italy.
SUBJECTS: A total of 207 subjects (thirty-nine men and 168 women; mean age: 38.7 (sd 14.1) years) consecutively attending the study centre for the first time between January 2003 and December 2006.
RESULTS: In the entire study group, eighty-three (40 %) subjects had a psychiatric disorder according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Eating disorders were the most prevalent psychiatric condition (thirty-six subjects, 17.4 %), followed by mood and anxiety disorders (9.7 % and 8.7 %, respectively). The frequency of psychiatric disorders among different BMI categories was as follows: 75.0 % in underweight, 50.0 % in normal weight, 33.3 % in overweight and 33.3 % in obese subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric disorders may be frequently found in subjects wishing to lose weight. Our results highlight the importance of psychiatric assessment especially in underweight and normal-weight subjects
Cognitive-behavioral treatment reduces attrition in treatment-resistant obese women: results from a 6-month nested case-control study
No full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of this nested case-control study was to compare the effectiveness
of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for treatment-resistant obese
(body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) women compared with standard dietary
treatment. The main outcome measures were attrition and weight loss success.
METHODS: We designed a 6-month case-control study, nested within a cohort
of adult (age ≥18 years) treatment-resistant (history of at least two previous diet
attempts) obese women. Cases were 20 women who were offered CBT sessions.
Controls (n=39) were randomly selected from the source population and matched
to cases in terms of baseline age, BMI, and number of previous diet attempts.
RESULTS: Compared with controls, cases were significantly more likely to complete
the 6-month program in both age-adjusted (odds ratio [OR]=2.94, 95%
confidence interval [CI]=1.05–8.97) and multivariate-adjusted (OR=2.77, 95%
CI=1.02–8.34) analyses. In contrast, cases were not more likely to achieve weight
loss success in age-adjusted (OR=1.32, 95% CI=0.86–1.67) and multivariateadjusted
(OR=1.21, 95% CI=0.91–1.44) analyses.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a standard dietary treatment, CBT was significantly
more effective in reducing attrition in treatment-resistant obese women,
without differences in terms of weight loss success
Nocturnal eating is part of the clinical spectrum of restless legs syndrome and an underestimated risk factor for increased body mass index
No full textWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of night eating syndrome (NES) in a large cohort of patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Psychopathological characteristics of patients seeking for bariatric surgery, either affected or not by binge eating disorder following the criteria of the DSM IV TR and of the DSM 5
No full textWe evaluate whether there are any significant differences in psychopathology between severe obese patients
affected by Binge Eating Disorder diagnosed following both the DSM IV TR and the DSM5 criteria, and severe
obese patients not having an eating disorder.
Method: 118 severe obese patients seeking treatment at a center for bariatric surgery in northern Italywere asked
to take part in the current study for a period of six months. Average participant age was 44.27 years, SD 12.42.
Age ranged from 18 to 67 years. Average patient BMI was 45.03, SD 7.11, ranging from 32.14 to 66.16 kg/m2.
Seventy seven of the patients (65.3%) were females and 41 (34.7%) were males. BED diagnosis was determined
following the diagnostic criteria of both the DSM IV TR and the DSM5. The presence of other eating disorders was
excluded through a clinical screening using the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). Patient eating habits and the
presence of emotional eating were appraised using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Levels of depression
and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Results: 57 out of 118 patients were found to be affected by BED following the DSM 5 criteria; among them 24
followed those of the DSMIV TR. BED patients scored higher on four subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory:
Drive for thinness (DT), Bulimia (B), Body dissatisfaction (BD) and Interoceptive awareness (IA) on the STAI and
on the Disinhibition and Hunger subscales of the TFEQ.
Discussion: The results confirm the presence of high levels of psychopathology among patients diagnosed with
BED, even if they have been diagnosed following the criteria of the DSM 5. There is a great overlap in psychopathology
between BED patients diagnosed following the DSM IV TR and the DSM 5 criteria
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Alexithymia is not related to severity of night eating behavior: a useful distinction from other eating disorders
No full textPatients affected by Night Eating Syndrome (NES) complain of insomnia, mood, anxiety and overeating, which have all been linked to difficulties in dealing with emotions, but no research has examined the levels of alexithymia among NES patients. We compared the levels of alexithymia among samples of: NES patients, insomniac patients who do not eat at night, and a control group
The DSM-5 effect: psychological characteristics of new patients affected by Binge Eating Disorder following the criteria of the DSM-5 in a sample of severe obese patients
No full textPurpose The current study evaluated whether or not there were significant differences in psychopathological traits
between three groups of individuals. The first was a group of patients seeking bariatric surgery diagnosed as being
affected by Binge Eating Disorder (BED), according to the new criteria of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This group (NEW BED group) did not meet BED diagnosis following the
previous criteria listed in the DSM-IV-TR. The second group of individuals was composed of severely obese
patients seeking bariatric surgery not affected by an eating disorder, according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5
(OB group). The third group was composed of individuals within a healthy weight range (Control group).
Methods 94 severely obese patients (33 in the NEW BED group and 61 in the OB group) were compared to the
Control group including 41 participants on depression, anxiety and eating habits.
Results The NEW BED scored significantly higher than the OB group on the Beck Depression Inventory, both the
subscales of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, on disinhibition and hunger subscales of the Three-Factor Eating
Questionnaire and on many subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory.
Conclusions The new, less restrictive diagnostic criteria for BED of the DSM-5 are useful in identifying obese
patients affected by severe psychopathology and dysfunctional eating habits
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