1,721,131 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Satavaptan for the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Efficacy and safety across the spectrum of ascites severity.
No full textObjective Satavaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor
antagonist, has been shown to improve the control of
ascites in cirrhosis in short-term phase II studies. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety
of satavaptan in three different populations of patients
with cirrhosis and ascites.
Methods 1200 patients were included in three
randomised double-blind studies comparing satavaptan
with placebo in uncomplicated ascites (study 1: n1⁄4463
patients) and difficult-to-treat ascites, with and without
concomitant diuretic treatment (studies 2 and 3: n1⁄4497
and n1⁄4240 patients, respectively).
Results Satavaptan was not more effective than placebo
in the control of ascites in any of the populations studied
as estimated by the primary efficacy endpoints: worsening
of ascites (study 1) and the cumulative number of largevolume
paracenteses during 12 weeks (studies 2 and 3).
Nevertheless, some of the secondary efficacy endpoints
related to the treatment of ascites were met in the three
studies, suggesting a slight advantage of satavaptan over
placebo in delaying ascites formation. Moreover,
satavaptan was more effective than placebo in improving
the serum sodium concentration in patients with
hyponatraemia. The incidence of major complications of
cirrhosis during follow-up did not differ significantly
between the satavaptan and placebo groups in the three
studies. Overall, the rate of any treatment-related adverse
events, serious treatment-related events and treatmentrelated
events leading to permanent discontinuation of
treatment did not differ significantly between the
treatment groups. However, in study 2 mortality was
higher in patients treated with satavaptan compared with
placebo (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.15); no significant
differences in mortality between the two groups were
observed in the other two studies. No specific cause for
the increased mortality was identified. Most deaths were
associated with known complications of liver cirrhosis.
Conclusion Satavaptan, alone or in combination with
diuretics, is not clinically beneficial in the long-term
management of ascites in cirrhosis
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver.
Full text linkDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Lactulose, rifaximin or branched chain amino acids for hepatic encephalopathy: what is the evidence?
No full textHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication of acute and chronic liver disease associated with severe morbidity and mortality. We performed updated random effects meta-analyses to evaluate the evidence for non-absorbable disaccharides (lactulose and lactitol), rifaximin and branched chain amino acids (BCAA). A meta-analysis of randomized trials showed that, compared with placebo or no intervention, non-absorbable disaccharides have beneficial effects on HE manifestations and prevention of HE episodes. The addition of rifaximin to non-absorbable disaccharides versus rifaximin alone was more beneficial than non-absorbable disaccharides used alone on both outcome measures. Likewise, a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials found that oral BCAA supplements have beneficial effects on manifestations of HE compared with control supplements. The effect was found in a variety of clinical settings. No convincing effects of intravenous BCAA for episodic HE were identified. In conclusion, evidence-based treatment recommendations for patients with HE should include non-absorbable disaccharides combined with rifaximin or BCAA. Additional evidence is needed to evaluate the effect of combining all three interventions
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