1,720,998 research outputs found
The determinants of market access for medicines: theoretical issues and empirical evidence
No full textTo frame the determinants of drug prices within a complex regulatory system and how these determinants influence the P&R decisions of medicine, an analysis of the Italian reference context as a whole was done, starting from the trends in the use and consumption of drugs, to the analysis of the regulatory process and market access for specific categories of drugs, orphan drugs for rare diseases.
Some of the system's shortcomings are the result of limited quality control as a whole over the years, which has led to the adoption of compartmentalized pharmaceutical policies without a medium-long term strategic vision integrating clinical, pharmacoeconomic, and organizational aspects.
By critically analyzing the regulatory and access system that regulates the price and reimbursement of drugs, it was possible to: (i) verify the difficult coexistence, in some cases, of European early access strategies with a rapid and complete assessment of HTA at the national level (which frustrate efforts to promote faster drug access pathways); (ii) highlight how the perception of a drug's innovativeness produces different policies in the main regulatory agencies; (iii) to underline the different view of the value of a drug between the company and the payer; (iv) the use of non-standardized P&R criteria for the definition of P&R by AIFA for different products (even for the same therapeutic area); (v) as some classes of drugs, such as orphan drugs, have had a significant increase in terms of products developed thanks to strategies to encourage investment in a previously unprofitable sector, but how this increase has also led to a significant increase in expenditure due to a P&R model not related to the low epidemiology of these diseases and/or the real impact in terms of clinical benefits of these products
Extracellular Vesicles as Natural, Safe and Efficient Drug Delivery Systems
No full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles naturally released from cells, delimited by a lipid
bilayer, carrying functionally active biological molecules. In addition to their physiological role in
cellular communication, the interest of the scientific community has recently turned to the use of
EVs as vehicles for delivering therapeutic molecules. Several attempts are being made to ameliorate
drug encapsulation and targeting, but these efforts are thwarted if the starting material does not
meet stringent quality criteria. Here, we take a step back to the sources and isolation procedures
that could guarantee significant improvements in the purification of EVs to be used as drug carriers,
highlighting the advantages and shortcomings of each approac
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
