1,720,989 research outputs found
The cocoa coast: The board-managed cocoa sector in Ghana
No full textAfter almost 20 years of declining cocoa production, Ghana has been able in the last decade to increase the share of export prices going to producers and more than double production. Contrary to Washington Consensus prescriptions, these accomplishments were achieved through reforms that did not include market liberalization. In The Cocoa Coast: The Board-Managed Cocoa Sector in Ghana, the authors identify factors that have contributed to Ghana’s success in cocoa production. These include the accountability of the government for the sector’s performance (cocoa-sector performance being seen as a key dimension of economic management), its interest in maintaining the ability to raise funds globally as a reliable supplier of high-quality cocoa, and its policy of retaining a portion of producer revenues to promote the adoption of yield-enhancing measures. The authors also suggest how Ghana can improve the efficiency of the cocoa sector through measures such as increased transparency and curtailing services that would be better provided by the private sector. The Cocoa Coast will be a valuable resource for policy makers, development specialists, and others interested in different national development paths.
This record also includes the synopsis: Kolavalli, Shashidhara; and Vigneri, Marcella. 2017. The cocoa coast: The board-managed cocoa sector in Ghana: Synopsis. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.2499/978089629270
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Women's Collective Action: Unlocking the potential of agricultural markets
Get PDFDevelopment actors are increasingly prioritising ‘investing in women’ to ensure food security and sustainability-as well as equity-in agricultural development. In this context, collective action is a critical but poorly understood way for women small-scale farmers to strengthen their engagement in agricultural markets. This report provides rigorous new evidence, from quantitative and qualitative research carried out in Ethiopia, Mali and Tanzania, on the economic and empowerment benefits of women’s participation in collective action groups across different agricultural farming systems and markets. The success factors and intervention strategies that have enabled women to benefit most are analysed in order to identify lessons for the future. The research highlights gaps in both current development practice and the wider policy environment which need to be addressed to ensure that collective action in agricultural markets is effective and empowering for rural women
Drivers of change in Ghana's cocoa sector
No full textUsing a two year panel dataset, this paper offers an empirical investigation of the unprecedented production boom episode observed in Ghana's cocoa sector between 2002 and 2004. We look at the technology of production underlying the years of the boom, and suggest that most of the rise was due to a more intensive use of household labor, good weather, and to some extent the increased use of fertilizer. The drivers of the recent production boom in Ghana did not, however, alter the more fundamental and long-standing problems of the sector. Cocoa yields in Ghana remain well behind those observed in other producing countries and the key constraint of the sector remains its lack of innovation. Current production technology in the cocoa sector is labor-using and land saving, whereas it is labor that is scarce to the household. This poses more serious concerns about the incentives and policies required to promote and sustain technological innovation in the sector
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Réponses contrastées en Ouganda et au Ghana aux incitations par les prix
No full textCe papier examine l'impact de la libéralisation des marchés sur les prix des principales cultures d'exportation du Ghana et de l'Ouganda. La question est analysée en étudiant les fonctions d'exportation de quelques filières agricoles. L'effet indirect de la réforme des marchés est estimé en observant les changements dans les déterminants des prix proposés aux agriculteurs. Théoriquement, un modèle comprenant les composantes des prix aux producteurs liées aux marchés devait être utilisé pour estimer l'effet de la libéralisation sur l'offre d'exportation. Jusqu'à maintenant, la réponse de l'agriculteur, en terme de production, dans le marché correspondant, était déterminée par son utilité pour le fermier en particulier, et cela n'était pas affecté directement par des politiques centralistes. Les prix mondiaux des prix, les taux d'échanges, et les politiques des marchés opérant sur des produits agricoles spécifiques seront désormais exogènes au processus de décision personnelle. Pour cette raison, la méthode proposée dans ce papier sera d'estimer des fonctions simples de l'offre d'exportation en gardant à l'esprit la relation comptable pour les déterminants des prix.. Une fois que l'élasticité de l'offre aux prix est déterminée, il est possible d'imputer l'impact de chacun des déterminants des prix directement ou implicitement dépendant des actions des politiques de marché, à travers une rétroanalyse informatique dérivée de l'équation de détermination des prix. Une approche de l'estimation fondée sur une équation simple est utilisée pour déterminer les réactions des agriculteurs aux "cibles mouvantes" telles que les changements à court terme dans les volumes et les prix
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