1,721,017 research outputs found
Ethnicity and breast cancer in the UK: Where are we now?
No full textOutcomes from breast cancer for women in the UK have improved significantly over recent decades. These gains are largely attributable to a combination of earlier diagnosis and access to treatments delivered to patients by the National Health Service irrespective of cost. Ethnic minority groups make up almost fifteen percent of the UK population and there is concern however that these groups may have poorer outcomes from the disease. In this short report we seek to summarise what the current evidence tells us about the patterns of breast cancer incidence and outcomes in ethnic minority women in the UK in order to raise awareness about this topic and provide consideration for what future research is needed to address the gaps that may exist.</p
Prepectoral Implants and Radiation Therapy
No full textBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It is usually diagnosed at the non-metastatic stage, but up to 30% of women with early breast cancer diagnosis eventually develop metastatic disease in the future [1]. Breast cancer treatment is multidisciplinary, involving surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation therapy (RT), where the most appropriate treatment-sequencing is planned individually [2]. Following the Milan, NSABP, Danish breast Cancer Group, and EORTC trials, patients with early breast cancer were mostly treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and whole breast irradiation (i.e., breast-conserving therapy, BCT). These trials demonstrated an equivalent or a non-inferiority result for BCT compared to mastectomy [3-7]. In 1990, the panel of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference on Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer released a statement that BCT is preferable to total mastectomy because it provides survival equivalence while preserving the breast [8]. A later study even demonstrated that BCT is not just inferior to mastectomy in early-stage breast cancer but may even lead to improved 10-years overall and relative survival compared with mastectomy. These results were suggested to be related to postoperative radiation in the case of BCT, thereby treating subclinical disease by radiation [9]. Nevertheless, a decade after the NIH statement, publications show a trend in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer patients, indicating that more than a third of the patients with early breast cancer who are eligible for breast conservation opt for mastectomy as their primary surgical procedure [10-13]
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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