879 research outputs found
England's domestic occupancy patterns
No full textThis dataset consists of 24hs time series of household occupancy probabilities at 10 min resolution for seven household groups of England derived from the United Kingdom Time Use Survey, 2014-2015. Three occupancy states are presented: ‘at home and sleeping’, ‘at home and not sleeping’ and ‘away from home’. All works which use or refer to these materials should acknowledge these sources by means of data citation.
For more information on how this dataset was created, please refer to:
Aragon, V., Gauthier, S., Warren, P., James, P., & Anderson, B. (2017). Developing English domestic occupancy profiles. Building Research & Information. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1399719
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Revisiting Home Heat Control Theories through a UK Care Home Field Trial
No full textSmart heating controls are being introduced in the domestic sector with the aim of reducing heating demand in buildings. However, the impact of controls on heat demand is not fully understood. This study set out to add empirical evidence to Kempton’s theory on mental models of home heat controls. With this purpose, radiator setpoint records from smart thermostatic valves in 47 flats from a care home in the South of England were evaluated over a 12-month period. Three types of households were identified: (i) low interactors who do not have interaction, or have minimal interaction, with the controls (24.5%); (ii) medium interactors who adjust their setpoint when the outdoor temperature changes and whose behavior is comparable to households that have a “feedback” mental model (49%); and (iii) high interactors who adjust the setpoint based on their own strategy, which does not necessarily follow outdoor temperature changes and reflects a lack of understanding of how the controls work (26.5%). These results highlight the contrast between expected and actual usage of home heat controls, as only half of the residents showed a behavior that is consistent with the principles of operation of the STVs
The influence of weather on heat demand profiles in UK social housing tower blocks
No full textPrediction of heat demand is of distinct importance for policy planning in social housing, where residents are in higher danger of falling into fuel poverty. Understanding the behavioural response of fuel vulnerable households against weather allows generating accurate baseline energy models and estimations of energy savings. This paper evaluates weekly heat demand profiles of 462 social housing dwellings in five tower blocks in the South of the UK, monitored over two years. Linear and segmented regressions are fitted through the ‘segmented’ package in R Studio to explore the relationship between heat demand (including Domestic Hot Water and space heating) and Outdoor Temperature, generating energy signature models for each flat. Three distinct heat demand profiles are found: (i) households that do not use space heating (11%), (ii) irregular consumers, where the transition towards the heating season is not identifiable (33%), and (iii) households with marked seasonal thresholds (56%). Consumption trends as well as the effect of extremely weather events such as the 2018 storm ‘The Beast from the East’ on the heat demand are evaluated. Low consuming households show little to no variation in their demand patterns during extreme weather events, whereas higher consumers seem to reach a plateau in their demand even at extremely low temperatures. The variability of heat demand in dwellings which have identical physical properties, and are exposed to the same weather conditions, is attributed to occupant behaviour. This study highlights the heterogeneity of heat demand in social housing and the need to move away from national averages
Investigating the impact of communal heating charges on internal temperature profiles, thermal expectation and excess in energy demand
No full textOccupancy Patterns Scoping Review Project
No full textUnderstanding the occupancy and heating patterns of UK domestic consumers is important for understanding the role of demand-side technologies, such as occupancy-based smart heating controls to manage energy consumption more efficiently.The research undertakes a systematic scoping review to identify and assess the quality of the UK and international evidence on occupancy patterns, to critically review the common methods of measuring occupancy, and to discuss the potential role of occupancy-based smart heating controls in meeting energy savings, thermal comfort and usability requirements.This report was prepared by a team at the University of Southampton and commissioned by the former Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC).<br/
Proxenoi e asylia nei Symbola di Gauthier
No full textIn the framework of a re-examination of Symbola, the volume dedicated by Gauthier to foreigners and justice, the author of this essay focuses his attention on chapter I, in particular on the figure and role of the proxenos (taking into account the main opinions subsequently expressed in literature), and on chapter V, in particular on the role of protection of the foreigner ensured by the grants of asylia. To clarify the scope of this privilege, it was deemed useful to compare the traditional way of understanding the sylai, i.e. the ‘saisies’ in Gauthier’s language, with the critique of this opinion carried out by B. Bravo in 1980. At the end of his analysis, the author holds the view that many of the research directions on these topics indicated by Gauthier, deserve to be taken into serious consideration by those who wish to continue the study of relations between citizens and foreigners in the Greek world.Nel quadro di un riesame di Symbola, il volume dedicato da Gauthier agli stranieri e la giustizia, l’autore del presente saggio concentra la sua attenzione, da un lato, sul capitolo I, in particolare sulla figura e sul ruolo del proxenos (tenendo conto delle principali opinioni espresse successivamente in dottrina), dall’altro, sul capitolo V, in particolare sul ruolo di protezione dello straniero assicurato dalle concessioni di asylia. Per chiarire la portata di tale privilegio si è ritenuto utile mettere a confronto il modo tradizionale di intendere le sylai, ossia le ‘saisies’ nel linguaggio di Gauthier, con la critica che di tale opinione ha svolto B. Bravo nel 1980. Si è potuto così constatare che molte delle direzioni di ricerca su questi argomenti, indicate da Gauthier, meritano di essere prese in seria considerazione da chi voglia approfondire in generale i rapporti fra cittadini e stranieri nel mondo greco
Victoria : l'apogée de l'Angleterre / Guy Gauthier
No full textContient une table des matièresAvec mode texteBiographie
Assumptions and realities of heating demand in social housing.
No full textThe transition towards net zero in the United Kingdom, includes a particular focus on decarbonising heat demand in domestic buildings, due to ageing energy inefficient building stock and the large dependence on fossil fuel systems. Consequently, the UK aims to reduce space heating loads and provide it from clean sources, as well as ensure homes are warm and bills are affordable. Social housing is a primary candidate for decarbonisation given its public ownership and the vulnerability of its occupants; local authorities need to retrofit their building stock whilst assuring energy efficiency and affordability of comfort. For home energy upgrade programmes to succeed, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of current and future heating demand and identify what assumptions should be re-evaluated. Thus, this work sets out to evaluate the current state of knowledge on heat demand in social housing, and specifically aims to: (i) identify evidence gaps in the prediction of heating demand in domestic buildings in the United Kingdom, (ii) map current knowledge on heating related occupant behaviour (ii) evaluate methodologies and assumptions for estimating domestic heat demand and develop evidence-based suggestions to improve them and, (iv) add empirical evidence on occupant behaviour and their impact in heating demand within the context of social housing. First, a systematic literature review is performed to addresses objectives (i) and (ii). This review highlights lack of large-scale data collection on occupancy and heating, and insufficient evidence on the impact of smart heating controls. Secondly, in relation to objective (iii), a mapping of household typologies through the English Housing Survey 2014-15 sample suggests that current models are not representative. Results show that the most frequently household typologies used in UK building simulation, (a) a family with dependent children where the parents work full time; and (b) a retired elderly couple who spend most of their time indoors, amount to only 19% of England’s households. A more representative selection of household typologies is identified, and occupancy patterns of each group are generated using 2015 UK Time Use Survey diaries. Furthermore, to address objective (iv), the heating demand in two social housing case studies in the South of England is evaluated through the exploration of: heat billing records from 462 dwellings from a tower block complex, and setpoint records from smart thermostatic radiator valves in 47 flats in a care home. The first discovers a very low heating demand and three main types of residents: households that do not use space heating (11%), irregular households, where the transition towards the heating season is not identifiable (33%), and households with marked seasonal thresholds (56%). behaviour. The second shows evidence on distinct heating strategies and types of interactions with heating controls, as well as poor understanding of the heating systems (only 50% of residents showed a behaviour consistent with the principles of operation of the system). Overall, this analysis finds distinct user profiles and heating strategies, highlighting the variability of heat demand and the contrast between expected and actual usage of home heat controls. These findings underline the importance of moving towards a more disaggregated approach in energy modelling and have a direct application in bottom-up models, thermal comfort, and compliance assessment. The heterogeneity of heating demand calls for fit-for-purpose large scale data collection on occupant behaviour and heating, to update national standards and forecasts, as well as tailor local interventions to promote energy efficiency in homes. Defining the pathways towards net zero homes and low carbon heat supply requires understanding residents, and the potential impact of measures in terms of carbon, comfort, and health. In the current context of energy crisis and devolution, this work is highly relevant for local authorities who play a key role in assuring buildings are livable, and affordable. <br/
Inequalities for Mathieu's Series
No full textIn the article, using the integral expression of Mathieu’s series and by some integral inequalities involving periodic functions, several new inequalities and estimates for the Mathieu’s series are presented
L\u27Irlande de Georges Dor, Jacques Ferron et Louis Gauthier
No full textDans ce travail, l\u27auteur étudie trois romans d\u27auteurs québécois et aborde les liens qu\u27ils établissent entre l\u27Irlande et le Québec. L\u27étude s\u27intéressa aux rapprochements que l\u27on peut établir entre ces deux territoires et la manière dont ils sont représentés dans la littérature de Georges Dor, Jacques Ferron et Louis Gauthier et plus particulièrement dans les romans : Le fils de l\u27Irlandais, Le salut de l\u27Irlande et Voyage en Irlande avec un parapluie.
In this thesis, the author studies three books of Québécois authors and discusses the links that each one makes between Ireland and Quebec. This study looks at the relations that can be established between these two territories and the style in which they are represented in the works of Georges Dor, Jacques Ferron and Louis Gauthier, specifically in the books: Le fils de l\u27Irlandais, Le salut de l\u27Irlande and Voyage en Irlande avec un parapluie
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