1,721,068 research outputs found
Recent Developments in the Economics of Transport
No full textThis comprehensive two-volume collection provides a selection of key writings on the economics of transport published since 1990. Topics covered include transport, economic activity and the spatial economy; demand and activity-based approaches; costs, scale and scope; external costs, efficiency and the wider impacts of transport; and competition and regulation.
Along with a new and original introduction, the editor has brought together 59 seminal papers which demonstrate a continuing vitality in transport economics research. This set of papers will be a valuable aid to all involved in transport research and provide encouragement to advanced students of the many unresolved issues needing further study
Handbook of Transport Economics
No full textBringing together insights and perspectives from close to 70 of the world's leading experts in the field, this timely Handbook provides an up-to-date guide to the most recent and state-of-the-art advances in transport economics.
The comprehensive coverage includes topics such as the relationship between transport and the spatial economy, recent advances in travel demand analysis, the external costs of transport, investment appraisal, pricing, equity issues, competition and regulation, the role of public - private partnerships and the development of policy in local bus services, rail, air and maritime transport.
This Handbook is designed both for use on postgraduate and advanced undergraduate courses and as a reference for anyone working in the field. It also complements the textbook Principles of Transport Economics
The interplay between foreign direct investment, security and European integration by comparing Poland and Romania
Full text linkThis work investigates the factors that have led to Poland and Romania's different evolutionary paths during the process of accession to the EU, placing an emphasis on security concerns, foreign direct investment and the interplay between the two. We identify two sets of determinants of the accession process, one in the political sphere and one in the economic sphere. Each set of determinants, be it in the political or economic sphere, has the potential to constitute a vicious or a virtuous circle which includes the prospect of EU membership itself. Furthermore, each of these circles is self reinforcing and can reinforce the corresponding circle in the other sphere. Finally, political and economic elements of the circles considered here can constitute security concerns for each of the countries analysed, while FDI represents a main element of the economic circle. We find that until 1996 Romania has been trapped in a combination of two vicious circles in both the political and economic spheres, while Poland has benefited from a combination of two virtuous circles since 1993. We test the hypothesis that, by changing perceptions of security and enhancing FDI, the prospect of EU membership can break the vicious economic circle of high perceptions of insecurity, low FDI, slow reforms, poor prospects for EU integration and hence high perceptions of insecurity in which Romania has been trapped. This is achieved firstly by a qualitative comparative analysis between Poland and Romania with regard to the determinants of FDI and the nature of their security concerns. Secondly, an econometric model assesses the determinants of FDI in ten transition countries candidates for EU membership and in particular the role of security and European integration variables. Our results support the hypothesis that, by creating positive perceptions of security of the candidate countries (especially of poor reformers), the prospect of EU membership may enhance FDI, thus speeding up economic reforms, leading to full membership of the Union and hence positive perceptions of security.It also appears that the prospect of EU membership can lead to a virtuous circle in the economic sphere through providing motivation for economic reforms and through financial aid and its impact on foreign direct investment and economic reforms
The real interest rate parity hypothesis : an investigation for developed and emerging markets
Full text linkThis study investigates the existence and causes of real interest rate differential(s) \rid(s) hereafter] across a heterogeneous sample of countries. This is relevant for various reasons. First, the research sheds some light on the extent to which economic authorities are able to pursue independent monetary policy in an open-economy, at least in the short-run. Second, it unveiled interesting characteristics of the dynamics of interest rate differentials. This is important because an indebted economy experiencing persistent rids is prone to face default. Finally, rids indicated the extent of market integration between economies.
The adjustment of rids to equilibrium is found to be fast in both emerging and developed economies, a finding that is compatible with the Real Interest Rate Parity Hypothesis. The equilibrium in emerging economies, however, is statistically different from zero pointing out to frictions in either goods or assets markets.
We found that the general causes of the differentials are UIP deviations and nominal interest rate differentials. The more specific causes are: 1) persistent reaction of monetary policy to changes in prices and slow adjustment in interest rates; 2) systematic excess returns, possibly induced by anticipated changes in macroeconomic fundamentals and sticky bond prices; 3) large unexpected changes in exchange rates driven by unexpected changes in macroeconomic fundamentals; 4) risk premium. Monetary policy resistance to price and exchange rate changes introduces an element of persistence in equilibrium nominal interest rate differentials which can explain excess returns, in other words, the fact that high interest rates are associated with appreciating exchange rates. Fundamentals can explain excess returns on the basis of systematic excess returns due to interest rate smoothing (sticky bond prices), or large forecast errors associated with unexpected changes in exchange rates. The evidence presented also points out to risk premium as another determinant of bond spreads and, hence, the cause of rids
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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