187,181 research outputs found
Cost–Benefit Analysis and Other Assessment Techniques: Contrasts and Synergies
No full textCost–benefit analysis (CBA) is probably the most used assessment approach in public decisions concerning transport, but other exist. This chapter will briefly describe such other approaches and techniques, pointing out their perspective, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and clarifying their methodological differences with CBA. To do that, a sort of taxonomy is proposed. Then, some general issues related to appraisal (transparency, complexity, political acceptance, equity) will be commented in a comparative perspective. Finally, we will try to respond to the often-asked question: is it possible to “mix” techniques to obtain a better appraisal? Is it worthwhile, useless or even risky
Pitfalls of Statistical Methods in Traffic Psychology
No full textThis article highlights four common pitfalls in the use of statistics in the area of traffic psychology. Through computer simulations of scenarios that are typical in the field, it is first shown that a statistically significant P-value does not prove that the effect is true, especially when the effect is surprising and the P-value barely significant. Second, we show that “everything is correlated”, a phenomenon which has important ramifications for significance testing. Third, we explain the perils of two-stage testing and data peeking. Finally, we explain that the violation of independence can easily lead to false positives.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Human-Robot InteractionMedical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technolog
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mary Anne Finniss
No full textMary Ann came to South Australia with her parents Charles and Ann Vickerman at about age 3 in 1840. Her mother died in 1846 when Mary was about 9, leaving her, as the eldest daughter, to help her father raise four children. Mary Ann married William Peat in January 1857 in Adelaide, but William died 11 years later. Mary Ann married Frederick Finniss, ten years her junior and a police trooper at the time, in July 1870. Mary Ann followed her husband to the Territory in January 1872. In 1895 when Mary Ann was 58, she was one of the 82 women who enrolled to vote after the franchise was granted to South Australian and Territory women in 1894. Her occupation was listed as "married woman". Her husband, Frederick Finniss, contested the 1896 election against V.L. Solomon but was unsuccessful in his bid. Mary Ann left the Territory for Adelaide in 1909 following the death of Fred in 1908. Mary Ann herself died in Adelaide at 90 on 29 July 1927.PioneerEnglis
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sustainable mobility in Europe: Problems in defining and implementing an operational measure
No full textTransport policy in Europe, both at the European Union level and the national level, has been dominated by the concept of sustainable mobility. This concept is rarely adequately defined, and even more rarely is an operational measure of the concept identified. We know that sustainable mobility is an attempt to relate both the environmental damage and other negative externalities associated with transport, on the one hand, and the positive benefits linked to the role played by an efficient transport system in sustaining and enhancing a given level of activity and its growth in the economy as a whole, on the other hand, to the mobility of both individuals and goods. Sustainability in any system implies that the system is capable of maintaining itself in the long term so that current levels of activity do not damage future prospects. These concepts are well known and broadly accepted, what has proved more difficult is the definition of operational measures in the context of a fully worked through model linking transport, the economy and the environment. This paper attempts to provide such a framework. It argues that sustainability can only be understood in a model which is explicitly spatial, since the distribution of economic activity and of the externalities associated with transport are a key element in the definition of sustainability. The paper provides a framework which synthesises recent work in the new economic geography, in the economics of transport infrastructure and the environmental effects of transport as the basis for a definition of a set of indicators which can be used as tests of the sustainability of transport policy measures.
The Regional Effects of Experience with the Private Finance of Transport Infrastructure: Some Evidence from the UK
No full textPrivate finance of transport infrastructure, either through direct private provision or through public-private partnerships has developed rather further in the UK than in most European countries over the past two decades. It is appropriate to consider what lessons can be drawn from this experience. In particular, does the emphasis on private finance lead to a bias in the spatial allocation of investment and what are the consequences of this. The paper discusses a theoretical framework which identifies the importance of the contractual structure for private finance. This shows how in the presence of asymmetric information it is difficult to achieve the expected shifting of risks to the private sector. Given the complexity of such contractual structures, although transactions costs become more transparent, they may also be expected to be higher than in a vertically integrated public sector provider. The benefits may thus depend on the private sector being able to manage the process of investment and introduction into service more efficiently than traditional public sector transport providers. This paper reviews the UK experience in terms of developments of the national air, rail and road networks and local public transport (especially light rail systems). The paper highlights the variety of methods of introducing private finance and assesses these against the criteria of risk bearing, transaction cost reduction, and efficiency in delivery. The key problems are identified as relating to the treatment of network effects and the vertical separation of infrastructure and service (unbundling). The framework is then used to assess the extent to which private sector provision impacts on regional development either positively, by advancing the provision of infrastructure which can provide wider benefits, or negatively by becoming a drag on future development by imposing higher costs of infrastructure usage and maintenance. It becomes clear that a distinction needs to be drawn between infrastructure which is mainly used for intra-regional transport and that which has an inter-regional or international dimension.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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