87,138 research outputs found
Laocoonte al Moncenisio. Viaggi di opere d'arte in età napoleonica
No full textDurante l'età napolenica si assiste al più grande spostamento di opere d'arte dai tempi antichi, con trasferimenti dai diversi paesi europei conquistati verso la Francia, dove nasce il Musée Napoleon.Si analizzano i diversi viaggi organizzati in Italia per far giungere le opere a Parigi e i viaggi di rientro delle opere nelle sedi originarie, con attenzione ai mezzi e alle modalità di spostamento, e agli incidenti occors
Bioeconomy and ecosystem services
No full textThe increasing demand for food, energy, and biodiversity, as well as the need for natural capital conservation and resilience to climate change, are major challenges worldwide. The transition towards the bioeconomy can concretely improve the provision of private and public goods that enhance human well-being. Despite the growing literature, contributions, trade-offs, and conflicts of bioeconomy development within ecosystem services provision still need to be addressed satisfactorily. This paper aims to investigate the possible pathways for building a sustainable and resilient transition towards the bioeconomy, with a focus on ecosystem services, based on a literature review and content analysis. The sustainability of the transition towards the bioeconomy is grounded in replacing carbon-based production and processes, but the bioeconomy involves much more. In particular, the focus on the provision of ecosystem services broadens the scope of investigation and highlights the need to address a wide variety of inputs while connecting this with perceptions, decision-making, and governance systems. New conceptual and empirical approaches to research and decision-making are needed for a transformative approach to these challenges
Incentivi, aspettative e timing nel disegno delle politiche agro-ambientali: un’analisi empirica in Emilia Romagna
No full textL’obiettivo del lavoro è valutare diverse opzioni di disegno delle misure agro-ambientali, includendo esplicitamente tra i fattori rilevanti nel processo decisionale privato i costi di transazione e l’incertezza. La metodologia proposta è basata su modelli di simulazione dell’adozione di pratiche agro-ambientali attraverso l’approccio real options, includendo i costi di transazione privati e simulando gli effetti delle diverse aspettative degli agricoltori sui prezzi futuri delle commodities. Le alternative di politica sono rappresentate da diversi livelli di pagamenti e diverse durate del contratto agro-ambientale. Il modello è applicato ad un caso di studio nella Provincia di Ferrara, area nella quale sono simulate diverse pratiche per la produzione di paesaggio, quali la creazione di siepi, boschetti e laghetti. I risultati mostrano come sia l’incidenza dei costi di transazione, sia le aspettative, rappresentino elementi determinanti la scelta di aderire alla pratiche agro-ambientali. Il lavoro mostra ulteriori possibilità di aumento dell’efficacia delle politiche agro-ambientali
Recent developments in multi-criteria evaluation of regulation
No full textIntroduction Agricultural activity is affected by a wide set of regulations and prescriptions due to agricultural and non-agricultural policies. In agricultural policy literature, growing attention is being paid to the issue of policy evaluation. Objectives The objective of this paper is to provide a literature review of the Multi-Criteria Analysis applied in the evaluation of policy and regulations. Methodology The paper proceeds by firstly identifying the main issues of the policy evaluation process and then discussing the potential contribution of Multi-Criteria Analysis as a decision support tool in a policy-making context. Results Multi-Criteria Analysis was created as a decision support tool for the selection of alternative projects when decisions are effected by trade-offs between different criteria. However, existing applications to policy evaluations still show significant room for improvement. In particular, an improved ability to support decision-making processes can be expected if Multi-Criteria Analysis is included in a consistent process of monitoring and gathering of data, and both Multi-Criteria Analysis and monitoring are developed in such a way as to provide a structured interaction with the decision maker in a participative approach. Conclusion A cautious integration of Multi-Criteria comparison techniques and policy-analysis concepts should be sought in order to better contribute to policy evaluation processes
An ex-ante evaluation of agri-environmental contracts for the provision of landscape elements in an area of Emilia Romagna Region
No full textThe objective of this paper is to set up a complete ex-ante evaluation procedure to support Decision Makers in designing efficient and effective agri-environmental contracts, combining elements of private and public decision making. Ex-ante comparison of policy design options (different contract lengths and level of payments) requires both simulations of farmers’ behaviour and evaluation of the farms simulations outcomes. Farm level analysis is based on a real options approach including in the simulations the timing of choice and the uncertainty in the future about price and decoupled payments. Aggregate policy impact is identified through the quantification of impacts at territorial level and the
weights are elicited with MCRID methods. Simulations in the case study show that relevant opportunities to improve policy design are available. Multicriteria Analysis is then used to aggregate
impacts of many criteria, including not only effects on the environment, but also economic and social impacts
The Common Agricultural Policy and the determinants of Changes in EU farm size
No full textStructural change provides the possibility of increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of the entire agricultural sector through a better allocation of productive factors. Amongst the productive factors, land is the one that most often limits farm development. This paper seeks to identify determinants of intended changes in farm size (represented by farmed area and measured as a reduction, expansion or no change) identified as stated intentions expressed through survey information, under two different Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) scenarios: (1) the Baseline, characterised by the Health Check policy as of 2009; and (2) a No-CAP scenario, assuming the elimination of all CAP payments and regulatory measures. Results highlight that CAP abolishment strongly reduces the intention to increase the amount of farmed area; the determinants of change in farmed area also change sharply amongst the two scenarios. Geographic variables, and farm characteristics such as farm organisation and the number of on-farm employees are relevant to explain the farmed area expansion. On the contrary, without the CAP, the relation between household and farm has strong effects on the different directions of change of farmed area. The results confirm that the different single payments scheme models affect the changes in demand of landStructural change provides the possibility of increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of the entire agricultural sector through a better allocation of productive factors. Amongst the productive factors, land is the one that most often limits farm development. This paper seeks to identify determinants of intended changes in farm size (represented by farmed area and measured as a reduction, expansion or no change) identified as stated intentions expressed through survey information, under two different Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) scenarios: (1) the Baseline, characterised by the Health Check policy as of 2009; and (2) a No-CAP scenario, assuming the elimination of all CAP payments and regulatory measures. Results highlight that CAP abolishment strongly reduces the intention to increase the amount of farmed area; the determinants of change in farmed area also change sharply amongst the two scenarios. Geographic variables, and farm characteristics such as farm organisation and t..
Contract design in agri-environmental schemes with fixed private transaction costs and countervailing incentives
No full textThe aim of this paper is to test the relevance of considering private fixed transaction costs for contract design of Agri-Environmental Schemes, when transaction costs are negatively correlated to marginal compliance costs. In order to do so, a principal-agent model of contract design under adverse selection, including fixed private transaction costs is developed. The model is applied to the design of payments in an area of Emilia Romagna (Italy). The results show that fixed transaction costs in the range of those actually faced by farmers may affect significantly the optimal amount of environmental good to be produced by each farm type. In some cases, fixed transaction costs can even reverse the standard insight that more public good should be produced when the cost of its provision is lower (countervailing incentives). The results call for a higher attention to private transaction costs in the design of agri-environmental contracts
L’utilizzo della terra in diversi scenari di politica. Risultati di un modello farm/household
No full textI mercati dei fattori rappresentano una tematica centrale nell’analisi dello sviluppo dell’azienda e della vitalità del settore agricolo. Tra i differenti fattori produttivi, la terra è uno dei più studiati. Il mercato fondiario è imperfetto e ciò è dovuto alla bassa sostituibilità del bene, alla poca trasparenza e agli alti costi di transazione. È caratterizzato da un basso numero di transazioni, una dimensione locale ed, inoltre, é influenzato dalla struttura economica, politica e istituzionale che lo circonda. In particolare, la letteratura economica agraria ha evidenziato gli effetti della Politica agricola comune (Pac) sui mercati fondiari (Floyd 1965; Parsch et al. 1998; Latruffe et al., 2006; Ciaian et al., 2006; Bartolini et al., 2011) e in specifico è stato studiato il modo in cui la riforma della Pac ha cambiato questi effetti nel tempo.
La Pac attuale è molto differente rispetto quando nacque, passando da politiche orientate alla produzione per arrivare con la riforma del 2003 a una politica di supporto al reddito con l’introduzione del pagamento unico aziendale (Pua) . Oggi la Pac sta subendo un nuovo processo di riforma e, in ottobre 2011, sono state pubblicate le proposte ufficiali per la riforma post-2013. In Italia, si può prevedere il passaggio del regime di pagamento unico da una base storica a una regionalizzata.
L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è fornire un’analisi ex-ante dell’impatto della nuova componente regionalizzata dei pagamenti diretti sul mercato fondiario. L’articolo mira a contribuire alla comprensione dei meccanismi che legano la riforma della Pac e il comportamento dell’agricoltore attraverso un’analisi degli investimenti in terra sotto differenti scenari di politica. L’indagine è condotta, prima, sviluppando una’analisi teorica attraverso l’interpretazione delle curve di domanda di terra aziendali, e successivamente realizzando un’analisi empirica a livello aziendale con un modello di programmazione matematica
Viaggi nell\u27Africa Equatoriale: Livingstone, Burton & Speke, Speke & Grant & Von Der Decken.
No full textTratto dal Volume 8° (n.s.) della rivista "Il giro del Mondo. Giornale di viaggi, Geografia e costumi". Diretto da Edoardo Charton ed Emilio Treves e pubblicato a Milano a partire dal 1863.
Diversi numeri della rivista sono stati digitalizzati e pubblicati su Google Boos:
https://books.google.it/books?id=Fas-AAAAYAAJ&hl=it&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q&f=fals
Viaggi nell\u27Africa Equatoriale: Krapf, Rebmann, Livingstone e Carta di Erhardt, 1849 - 56.
No full textTratto dal Volume 8° (n.s.) della rivista "Il giro del Mondo. Giornale di viaggi, Geografia e costumi". Diretto da Edoardo Charton ed Emilio Treves e pubblicato a Milano a partire dal 1863.
Diversi numeri della rivista sono stati digitalizzati e pubblicati su Google Boos:
https://books.google.it/books?id=Fas-AAAAYAAJ&hl=it&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q&f=fals
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