1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessing the effects of habitat patches ensuring propagule supply and different costs inclusion in marine spatial planning through multivariate analyses
No full textMarine Protected Areas are considered key tools for conservation of coastal ecosystems. However, many
reserves are characterized by several problems mainly related to inadequate zonings that often do not
protect high biodiversity and propagule supply areas precluding, at the same time, economic important
zones for local interests. The Gulf of Naples is here employed as a study area to assess the effects of
inclusion of different conservation features and costs in reserve design process. In particular eight scenarios
are developed using graph theory to identify propagule source patches and fishing and exploitation
activities as costs-in-use for local population. Scenarios elaborated by MARXAN, software
commonly used for marine conservation planning, are compared using multivariate analyses (MDS,
PERMANOVA and PERMDISP) in order to assess input data having greatest effects on protected areas
selection.
MARXAN is heuristic software able to give a number of different correct results, all of them near to the
best solution. Its outputs show that the most important areas to be protected, in order to ensure longterm
habitat life and adequate propagule supply, are mainly located around the Gulf islands. In addition
through statistical analyses it allowed us to prove that different choices on conservation features
lead to statistically different scenarios. The presence of propagule supply patches forces MARXAN to
select almost the same areas to protect decreasingly different MARXAN results and, thus, choices for
reserves area selection.
The multivariate analyses applied here to marine spatial planning proved to be very helpful allowing to
identify i) how different scenario input data affect MARXAN and ii) what features have to be taken into
account in study areas characterized by peculiar biological and economic interests
A new approach to assess marine opportunity costs and monetary values-in-use for spatial planning and conservation; the case study of Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, Italy
No full textPHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY
No full textThere is also evidence that exercise reduces the risk of other chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, and cancer of the breast and colon. The lack of physical activity and increasing rates of childhood and adults obesity have received a very much attention in many countries. Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, exceeds healthy limits. It is commonly defined as a body mass index (weight divided by height squared) of 30 kg/m2 or higher. The normal amount of body fat is between 25-30% in women and 18-23% in men. Both metabolic and behavioral factors play a role in the development of obesity. The most recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 112,000 deaths are associated with obesity each year. Moreover, three-quarters of these deaths occur in people age 70 or younger. Some studies show that excessive body weight has been shown to predispose to various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleep apnea and osteoarthritis. Researchers showed that diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention of obesity and associated disorders. In this review, we discuss current concepts of obesity. We describe basic issues regarding obesity and physical activity including different methods to measure obesity status, classification, epidemiology etiology, comorbidites and the roles of sport and physical activity in obesity
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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