131,360 research outputs found
Attività antinicrobica dell'associazione metilpartricina-tomatina sul genere candida e sul trichomonas vaginalis
No full textMalignant behavior of a craniopharyngioma: A case report and open questions
No full textMalignant craniopharyngioma is a rare sellar and suprasellar tumor characterized by high cellularity, marked atypias, and high mitotic index. It may develop de novo or by malignant transformation of a previously treated benign craniopharyngioma (usually after radiotherapy). The prognosis is extremely poor in all cases. We report a case of a 58-year-old man who presented with a 4-month history of visual disturbances, amnesia, and confusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large intrasellar and suprasellar lesion with solid and cystic components. The tumor was partially removed through a right pterional craniotomy; postoperative MRI revealed residual tumor in the interpeduncolar fossa. Histopathologic examination showed adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. At 1 month after discharge, the patient experienced amnesia and disorientation. A new MRI showed an extraordinary increase of the residual suprasellar component. A second surgery through a transcallosal approach was performed but was complicated by significant bleeding from the tumor itself. The second histologic evaluation revealed neither significant cellular atypia nor necrosis but an elevated proliferative index. The patient never regained consciousness. A new brain MRI performed 5 weeks after the second surgery showed a regrowth of the tumor. The patient died from acute respiratory insufficiency 7 weeks after the second surgery. We report a case of a highly aggressive craniopharyngioma in which the clinical criteria, but not the histologic characteristics, were compatible with the diagnosis of malignant craniopharyngioma. The issue of the pathologic diagnosis and of the definition of malignancy will be reviewed and discussed
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Impact of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric multimorbidity on older adults' health
No full textMultimorbidity, the presence of two or more chronic diseases in one person, is common in older people, and associates with a number of negative outcomes. In this thesis, we propose a methodology to assess and measure multimorbidity in older individuals. We use it to describe the longitudinal evolution and prognosis of multimorbidity clusters, and to investigate the extent to which clusters of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric multimorbidity impact and interact with physical function. Data are from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), a population-based study including 3,363 community-dwelling and institutionalized individuals aged ≥60 years.Study I. We provided a clinically driven list of 60 chronic diseases for the assessment of multimorbidity in older adults. After applying this methodology to the 3,363 SNAC-K participants, we found that 88.6% of them had two or more diseases, 73.2% had three or more diseases, and only 11.4% had zero or one single disease. Given the ceiling effect associated with the use of a cutoff, multimorbidity should be rather be considered as a continuous metric, which better reflects the progressive accumulation of diseases starting in early aging and continuing up to very late life. Study II. We identified and traced the evolution of multimorbidity clusters over 12 years of 2,931 SNAC-K participants with two or more diseases. At baseline, 51.3% of participants were included in one of five clusters; the rest were part of an unspecified group, given that no disease patterns could cluster them. Cardiometabolic risk factors, the evolution of several diseases, and death may have steered most of the longitudinal transitions among the multimorbidity clusters we described over a period of 12 years. Study III. We investigated the association of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric multimorbidity with 9 years of change in walking speed and intact basic activities of daily living in 2,385 SNAC-K participants. Neuropsychiatric disease, alone or combined with cardiovascular disease, showed the strongest detrimental impact on functional decline. Cardiovascular multimorbidity showed an association solely with decline in walking speed. Study IV. We studied the interplay between cardiovascular multimorbidity and functional impairment, as well as between neuropsychiatric multimorbidity and functional impairment, on all-cause and causespecific mortality in 3,241 SNAC-K participants. Slow walking speed provided additional prognostic information in terms of all-cause and cause-specific mortality beyond the number of both cardiovascular and/or neuropsychiatric diseases.Conclusions. The use of a standardized methodology to assess chronic disease and multimorbidity may enhance comparability across studies, settings, and geographical regions. Studying the natural evolution of multimorbidity in older individuals may help to better hypothesize about underlying mechanisms and provide important prognostic information. In this regard, multimorbidity clusters including cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric disease emerge as major determinants of functional decline and higher mortality rate. Finally, the adoption of a simple and easy-to-use measure of functional impairment such as walking speed may help health-care professionals identify older people affected by specific groups of chronic disease with similar needs, health trajectories, and prognoses.List of scientific papersI. Calderón-Larrañaga A, Vetrano DL (co-first author), Onder G, Gimeno-Feliu LA, Coscollar-Santaliestra C, Carfí A, Pisciotta MS, Angleman S, Melis RJF, Santoni G, Mangialasche F, Rizzuto D, Welmer AK, Bernabei R, Prados-Torres A, Marengoni A, Fratiglioni L. Assessing and measuring chronic multimorbidity in the older population: A proposal for its operationalization. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017 Oct 1;72(10):1417–1423. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw233 II. Vetrano DL, Roso-Llorach A (co-first author), Fernández S, Guisado-Clavero M, Violán C, Onder G, Fratiglioni L, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Marengoni A. Twelve-year clinical trajectories of multimorbidity in older adults: A population-based study. [Submitted]III. Vetrano DL, Rizzuto D, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Onder G, Welmer AK, Bernabei R, Marengoni A, Fratiglioni L. Trajectories of functional decline in older adults with neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular multimorbidity: A Swedish cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018 Mar 6;15(3):e1002503. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002503 IV. Vetrano DL, Rizzuto D, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Onder G, Welmer AK, Qiu C, Bernabei R, Marengoni A, Fratiglioni L. Walking speed drives the prognosis of older adults with cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric multimorbidity. [Submitted]</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Special Issue—“Multimorbidity Development and Evolution: Clinical Implications”
No full text: Multimorbidity, the co-existence of multiple chronic diseases in the same individual, is not only extremely common in older persons but is also strongly associated with several poor health outcomes [...]
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY
No full textThere is also evidence that exercise reduces the risk of other chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, and cancer of the breast and colon. The lack of physical activity and increasing rates of childhood and adults obesity have received a very much attention in many countries. Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, exceeds healthy limits. It is commonly defined as a body mass index (weight divided by height squared) of 30 kg/m2 or higher. The normal amount of body fat is between 25-30% in women and 18-23% in men. Both metabolic and behavioral factors play a role in the development of obesity. The most recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 112,000 deaths are associated with obesity each year. Moreover, three-quarters of these deaths occur in people age 70 or younger. Some studies show that excessive body weight has been shown to predispose to various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleep apnea and osteoarthritis. Researchers showed that diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention of obesity and associated disorders. In this review, we discuss current concepts of obesity. We describe basic issues regarding obesity and physical activity including different methods to measure obesity status, classification, epidemiology etiology, comorbidites and the roles of sport and physical activity in obesity
Su di un caso di pseudoermafroditismo femminile da iperplasia surrenalica congenita con sola virilizzazione
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