1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Monogenic diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction in mouse and man
Get PDFExocrine and endocrine pancreatic disease is often observed to occur together. The close colocalization of the endocrine and exocrine tissues within one organ, as well as their common embryological ancestry, have given rise to hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of such diseases. However, often two questions remain: Which cell type is the origin of the disease? And what is the fundamental pathological process? Principally, there are three possible sites of action in combined exocrine and endocrine pancreatic disease: The exocrine cells, the endocrine cells, or the common progenitor cells. In order to investigate the association between exocrine function and diabetes further, we studied exocrine and endocrine function as well as pancreatic structure in three different contexts: HNF1A-MODY, HNF1B-MODY and CEL-MODY. Exocrine dysfunction and a striking association with pancreatic atrophy have been reported in HNF1B mutation carriers. Mouse studies have revealed an essential function of Hnf1b in pancreatic development and mouse embryos deficient of Hnf1b exhibit a rudimentary dorsal pancreatic bud. In Paper III, we describe exocrine dysfunction and absence of tissue corresponding to the pancreatic body and tail as evaluated by CT and MRCP in five individuals from two families with HNF1B mutations. Our observations strengthen the evidence for a critical role of HNF1B in the normal development and differentiation of the pancreas and support the notion that HNF1B mutations cause diabetes and exocrine dysfunction based on congenital malformation. HNF1A and HNF1B encode closely related transcription factors, and a similar phenotype for exocrine dysfunction and pancreas structure could be expected. Furthermore, exocrine dysfunction has been observed in 10-30 % of type 1 and 2 diabetes patients, and reduced pancreatic volume has been well described in type 1 diabetes and to some degree in type 2 diabetes. In Paper I we describe for the first time the prevalence of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction in a cohort of patients with HNF1A-MODY. The data in Paper I indicate that 13 % of adult HNF1A-MODY patients had exocrine dysfunction. This was similar to results from the type 1 diabetes control group (19 %) and in line with previous findings in type 1 and 2 diabetic patients, but three times higher than that in nondiabetic controls (4 %). The strong association between endocrine and exocrine dysfunctions as that observed in HNF1BMODY was not paralleled in HNF1A-MODY. In Paper II, we showed that HNF1A-MODY patients had reduced pancreatic volume compared to non-diabetic controls, mimicking the pancreatic volume reduction in type 1 diabetes. Taken together, the findings in Papers I and II indicate that the prevalence of exocrine dysfunction and the structural changes of the pancreas in HNF1A-MODY are different from that characterizing HNF1B-MODY, but similar to that observed in type 1 diabetes, and likely due to insulinopenia. Pancreatic exocrine dysfunction as expressed by fecal elastase deficiency in subjects with diabetes has been claimed to be moderate and clinically irrelevant. This is contradicted by our finding of pathologically high fat excretion in all of the available six patients with fecal elastase deficiency and HNF1A-MODY, 14 out of 17 type 1 diabetes subjects, one of three available type 2 diabetes subjects (Papers I and II), and in seven out of nine subjects with CEL-MODY (Paper IV). Our results support previous observations of a high prevalence of steatorrhea in subjects with diabetes and fecal elastase deficiency. All of our CEL-MODY patients had pathologically low vitamin E levels. Osteopenia or osteoporosis was frequently found, possibly as sequela of undiagnosed exocrine dysfunction. Pancreatic enzyme supplements constitute the main treatment of maldigestion in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, but the effect on glycemic control in the presence of diabetes has been debated. We studied the effects of enzyme replacement therapy in nine subjects with diabetes and exocrine dysfunction due to mutations in the carboxyl-ester lipase gene (CEL). They experienced immediate alleviation of symptoms, fecal fat excretion was reduced, and vitamin E levels increased. We found no effect of pancreatic enzyme supplements on glycemic control, suggesting that such treatment is safe in a context of diabetes. CEL-MODY is a syndrome of monogenic diabetes and pancreatic dysfunction due to CEL mutations. Diabetes is believed to arise secondary to exocrine dysfunction in CEL-MODY, but the pathogenetic processes are unclear. Investigating a loss-of-function mechanism, we studied the global knockout model (CELKO; Paper V). Female CELKO mice developed mild random fed hyperglycemia and islet hyperplasia; however, no clear phenotype resembling CEL-MODY was demonstrated. In order to explore the hypothesis that disease develop due to an altered cellular function of the mutant protein, we created and studied the TgCEL mouse line expressing the Del1 disease-associated human CEL allele (Paper VI). The mice did not exhibit any endocrine or exocrine dysfunction, however. Further studies remain to be done, particularly to explore the effects of mutant human CEL in a transgenic mouse line
Når veien må tilpasses målet: Bakgrunn, plan og evaluering for revidert studieplan i propedeutikk for medisinstudentutdanningen
Get PDFVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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