1,721,070 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Greening the Economy
No full textDette speciale undersøger forbindelsen mellem de grundlæggende mekanismer i vores markedsøkonomi, især BNP-mål for fremskridt, og miljøkrisen, som vores moderne verden befinder sig i. Vi vurderer Grøn Økonomi som en alternativ tilgang til økonomien og sætter spørgsmålstegn ved tanken om, at BNP-vækst er synonymt med menneskelig og miljømæssig velvære. Vi konkluderer, at selvom grønne økonomi-initiativer kan bremse miljøforringelsen, giver de ikke en passende løsning på miljø- og klimaspørgsmålet, hvor en af hovedhindringerne er dets fortsatte anvendelse af BNP-indekset og dettes grundlæggende forudsætning, som er økonomisk vækst.This paper explores the connection between the basic mechanisms of our market economy, in particular the GDP measure of progress, and the environmental crisis in which our modern world finds itself. We assess Green Economy as an alternative approach to the economy and question the idea that GDP growth is synonymous with human and environmental well-being. We find that while Green Economy initiatives may slow down environmental degradation, it does not present an adequate solution to environmental and climate issues, with one major obstacle being its continued use of the GDP index and the premise of economic growth
Promoting Sustainable Investment Behaviour
No full textResumeDette speciale skriver sig selv ind i den bæredygtige udviklingsagenda, hvis mål det er at sikre at den nuværende befolknings behov dækkes uden at gå på kompromis med fremtidig befolkningers behov (Brundtland, G., 1987). Denne agenda er støttet af FN’s 17 verdensmål for bæredygtig udvikling lanceret i 2015. Dette er også en agenda den danske regering tilslutter sig med et mål om at nedsætte Danmarks CO2 udledning med 70 procent sammenlignet med niveauet i 1990. Et mål der kun kan blive mødt, hvis det er støttet. Bæredygtig udvikling har påvirker menneskers adfærd i mange aspekter af deres liv, men der er et område, der forbliver relativt ubemærket og upåvirket af den bæredygtige udviklingsagenda, hvilket er de uprofessionelle investorers bæredygtige investeringsadfærd. Dette speciale bestræber sig derfor på at undersøge hvad der motiverer uprofessionelle investorer, når de investerer og til hvilken grad påvirker bæredygtighed deres adfærd. Dette er undersøgt ved at anvende Goal Frame Theory, som fastsætter at mennesker er påvirket af tre forskellige goal-frames; et hedonisk, et gevinstorienteret og et normativt. De er altid aktive alle sammen, men kun et goal-frame vil dominere og dermed påvirke individets adfærd. Analysen viser få tegn på at det hedoniske goal-frame påvirker menneskers investerings adfærd, hvilket betyder at det er usandsynligt at de bliver påvirket af følelsesmæssige faktorer i en investerings situation. Afkastet er, efterfulgt af risikoen, de to vigtigste faktorer, når mennesker investerer. Disse er begge indikatorer på at det er det gevinstorienterede goal-frame der er det dominerende goal-frame, da det gevinstorienterede goal-frame relaterer til rationel adfærd og dermed optimering af individets situation. Det normative goal-frame relaterer til normer og det at opfører sig ”passende” og kan også relateres til uselvisk adfærd så som miljøvenlig adfærd. Dette goal-frame tenderer til at være et baggrundsmål og miljømæssige overvejelser er hovedsageligt inkluderet i investeringsadfærd baseret på finansielle overvejelser (gevinstorienteret). Analysen viser også at der er mangel på viden om bæredygtighed i relation til investeringer. Investorerne udøver bæredygtig adfærd i andre aspekter af deres liv. Derfor anbefales det at promovere bæredygtig investeringsadfærd ved at øge investorernes viden og bevidsthed. Hovedkilden til information er gennem rådgiveren og det foreslås derfor at det bliver lovpligtigt for rådgiveren at informere om bæredygtighed, så dette ligestilles med den lov pligt, der er om at rådgive om risiko of afkast. Målet er at dette vil skabe mere viden og opmærksomhed, hvilket vil styrke investorens normative goal-frame og dermed højne sandsynligheden for en bæredygtig investeringsadfærd.SummeryThis thesis writes itself into the sustainable development agenda, which goal is to ensure that the current population’s needs are met, without compromising future generations’ needs (Brundtland, G., 1987). This agenda is supported by UN’s 17 sustainable development goal launched in 2015. It is also an agenda that the Danish government engage in with a goal of decreasing the countries carbon footprint by 70 percent by 2030 compared to the level in 1990. A goal that can only be met if it is supported. Sustainable development has affected peoples’ behaviour in many aspects of their lives, but there is one area which remains relatively unnoticed and unaffected by the sustainable development agenda, which is the non-professional investors sustainable investment behaviour. This thesis, therefore, aims at examining what motivates the non-professional investor when investing and to which extend sustainability is affecting their investment behaviour. This is examined applying the Goal Frame-Theory, which states that people are affected by three different goal-frames; a hedonic, a gain, and a normative. All of them are always activate, but only one goal-frame will dominate and thus influence the individual’s behaviour. The analysis shows little signs of the hedonic goal-frame affecting peoples investment behaviour, this means that they are unlikely to be affected by emotional factors in an investment situation. The return followed by risk are the two most important factors when people invest. These are both indicators of the gain goal-frame being the dominating goal-frame, while the gain goal-frame relates to rational behaviour and thus optimisation of the individuals’ situation. The normative goal-frame relates to norms and acting “appropriately” and can also relate to altruistic behaviours like pro-environmental behaviour. This goal-frame tends to be a background goal and environmental considerations are mainly included in investment behaviour based on financial considerations (gain). The analysis also shows that there is a lack of knowledge about sustainability in relation to investments. The investors perform sustainable behaviours in other aspects of their lives. Therefore, it is suggested to promote sustainable investment behaviour by increasing the investors knowledge and awareness. The main source to information is through the advisor and it is therefore also suggested that it becomes a legal obligation for the advisor to inform about sustainability equivalent to the already existing obligation to advise about risk and return. The aim is that this will establish more knowledge and awareness, which will strengthen the investor’s normative goal-frame and thus increase the likelihood of sustainable investment behaviour. <br/
U.S and China clash on trade
No full textResumé:Set I lyset af nylige gnidninger mellem USA og Kina, vil denne master thesis søge svar på: Har den amerikanske regerings forståelse af Kinas økonomi ændret sig fra Obama administrationen til Trump administrationen? Hvis ja, kan egenskaberne i kinesisk state-kapitalisme og dennes historiske udvikling forklare ændringerne? Opgaven gør dette ved først at præsentere den historiske udvikling, samt de vigtigste egenskaber i kinesisk stats-kapitalisme. Dernæst analyseres og sammenlignes to USTR rapporter om Kinas overholdelse af WTO-regler fra 2016 og 2019, ved hjælp af dokument analyse. Den anvendte metode er kvalitativ, da den søger at forstå meningen med data, samt finde de skjulte meninger. Det blev fundet at de amerikanske regeringer faktisk havde skiftet syn på Kina, hvor Trump administrationen var blevet langt mere skeptisk, i det de anså dem for at have en merkantilistisk tilgang til handel. Dog havde deres syn på Kinas overholdelse af specifikke handels problematikker ikke ændret sig meget, hvilket ledte forskeren til at konkludere at det primært var USA's tilgang til hvordan man agerede over for Kina der havde ændret sig. Hvor Obama administrationen var mere diplomatisk, Trump administrationen var mere konfronterende. Studiet fandt også bevis for at nylige historiske ændringer i Kina, såsom at de ikke længere forfulgte markedsreformer, kunne forklare noget af forskellen mellem de to amerikanske administrationer.Abstract:In light of recent trade frictions between the U.S and China, this master thesis sets out to answer: Have the American governments understanding of China´s economy changed from the Obama administration to the Trump administration? If so, can the characteristics of Chinese State-capitalism and its historical development help explain the changes? The thesis does this by first laying out the historical development and key characteristics on Chinese State-capitalism, before analyzing and comparing two USTR reports on China´s WTO compliance from 2016 and 2019, using document analysis. The methodology is qualitative in nature as it seeks to make sense of the data and discover hidden meaning. The research found that the U.S administration’s view had indeed changed their view, with the Trump administration being far more skeptical towards China, seeing them as having a mercantilist approach to trade. However, their view on Chinese WTO compliance on specific trade issues didn´t change much, leading the researcher to conclude that what had mainly changed is the U.S approach to dealing with China. Where the Obama administration were more diplomatic, the Trump administration were more confrontational. The study also found evidence that recent historical changes in China, such as them no longer pursuing market-reform could account for at least some of the change between the two U.S administrations
Landlords of the Digital Economy: A Critical analysis on regulatory measures towards monopolistic industries, and the tendencies of the cloud-industry
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