1,721,061 research outputs found
Evaluation of the ability of Helicobacter pylori in inducing the production of B cells activating factors: possible implications in the development of MALT lymphomas
No full textUpdates in histiocytic and dendritic cell proliferations and neoplasms
No full textTumours derived from histiocytes/macrophages and from dendritic cells are extremely rare. They mainly occur in lymphoid tissues, where they account for less than 1% of tumours, but they can be also found in extranodal sites. These neoplasms represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with a variable clinical behavior even within the same tumour entity, ranging from localized and indolent forms to systemic aggressive processes. Diagnosis is based on histological and immunophenotypic features, but overlaps occur across diseases with different biological nature and clinical course, thus correlation with clinical and radiological features is sometimes necessary for final diagnosis. The driver mutations identified during the last few years contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of some of these tumours and in some of them turned out to be useful for diagnosis and treatment
Evaluation of the ability of Helicobacter pylori in inducing the production of B cells activating factors: possible implications in the development of MALT lymphomas
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterization of the cross-talk between human neutrophils and a subset of pro-inflammatory dendritic cells
No full textNeutrophils represent key components of the innate immune system with the ability not only to phagocytose and killing invading pathogens, but also to produce a variety of proteins, including cytokines and chemokines, with important consequences on the recruitment and activation of other immune cells, such as monocytes, dendritic cells, T and B cells. For instance, it has been shown that neutrophils can directly interact with, and induce functional maturation of, immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC). Indeed, upon interaction with neutrophils, moDC up-regulate the expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD83, CD86 and CD40, and secrete IL-12, thus acquiring the ability to induce proliferation and Th1 polarization of naïve T cells. In order to extend these findings, the present study was designed to address whether human neutrophils interact with peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells and the pathological consequences that such interaction could eventually produce. In human peripheral blood, dendritic cells can be divided in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), the latter further divided in three different subsets based on the expression of CD1c, BDCA-3, and CD16. By analyzing different chronic inflammatory pathologies, such as Crohn's disease, psoriasis and Sweet's syndrome, we found that neutrophils co-localize with a subtype of myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) with characteristics resembling the CD16+ subset of mDC. In order to characterize the interaction between the two cell types, autologous neutrophils, highly purified by an in-house built immunonegative selection protocol, and CD16+ DC were isolated from healthy donors and analyzed in a co-culture system under different stimulatory conditions. Here we show that neutrophils modulate different effector functions of CD16+ DC, including their survival and their ability to produce IL-12p70. Besides providing the basis for a better understanding of the cellular interactions that occur in pathological conditions, our results further emphasize the importance of neutrophils in the modulation of the inflammatory response
Potential contribution of tumor-associated slan + cells as anti-CSF-1R targets in human carcinoma
No full textThe precise identification of the types and respective roles of the tumor-associated myeloid cells, which include tumor-associated Mφs (TAMs), neutrophils, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is under intensive investigation. Although tumor-associated myeloid cells may contribute to tumor cell eradication by virtue of their effector functions, they are retained to fulfill predominantly protumorigenic roles. It follows that depletion of tumor-associated myeloid cells represents one of the currently pursued therapeutic options in advanced malignancies. In that regard, RG7155/emactuzumab, a specific anti-CSF-1R humanized Ab, has been reported recently to deplete CSF-1R + TAMs, in association with objective clinical responses in patients with advanced cancer. Because RG7155/emactuzumab has also been shown to deplete blood non-classic CD14 dim/− CD16 ++ monocytes, which in large part include the CD16 ++ slan + monocytes, we asked whether RG7155/emactuzumab could target tumor-associated slan + cells. In this study, we confirmed that slan + cells localize only to metastatic tumor-draining lymph nodes, not to primary tumors or distant metastases in patients with different types of carcinoma. Notably, by cell scoring on serial sections, we found that slan + cells represent a minor fraction of the total CSF-1R + cell pool, suggesting that slan + cells potentially represent minor targets of anti-CSF-1R therapy. Therefore, a protumorigenic role for slan + cells, such as that of CSF-1R + TAMs, based on our current data, remains questionable
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human granulomas and histiocytic reactions
No full textInducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is required in immune response against infections and is involved in granuloma formation in animals; in murine macrophages, iNOS is induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. In contrast, the role of iNOS in human immune response against infections is still questioned, and its expression in granulomas is poorly investigated. Using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, we investigated iNOS expression in human lymph nodes with nonspecific reactions and in tissues containing granulomas caused by mycobacteria, Toxoplasma, Cryptococcus neoformans, Leishmania, Bartonella, noninfectious granulomas (sarcoidosis, foreign body), and other hystiocitic reactions (Kikuchi's disease, Omenn syndrome). iNOS was undetectable in nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis, foreign-body granulomas, and Omenn syndrome, whereas it was strongly expressed in infectious granulomas, sarcoidosis, and Kikuchi's diseases. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that iNOS was selectively expressed by the epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells within the granulomas. Use of an anti-nitrotyrosine antibody, recognizing nitrosilated amino acid residues derived from nitric oxide production, revealed a consistent positivity within the cells expressing iNOS, thus suggesting that iNOS is functionally active. Detection of cytokines by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that tissues that were positive for iNOS, also expressed the Thl-type cytokine interferon-gamma mRNA, but not the Th2-type cytokine interleukin-4. Taken together, these results indicate that iNOS is involved in different human immune reactions characterized by istiocytic/granulomatous inflammation and associated with Th1-type cytokine secretion
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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