1,721,107 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Transport services in the digital era : consumer protection and the concept of Mobilty-as-a-Service
No full textAbstract: The emergence of online platforms has radically changed the services sector. In the platform economy for transport services, the 'Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)' model plays an important role. MaaS strives to offer mobility via an online platform that connects the demand side (passengers) with the supply side (available means of transport). Consumers can choose the quickest, cheapest or least polluting way to get from a to b. MaaS is thus expected to contribute to reducing congestion and pollution. Over the past two decades, the EU has developed a comprehensive legal system that focuses, among other things, on protecting consumers from commercial manipulation and ensuring a safe and timely journey. Specific rules, pertaining to inter alia small claims and alternative dispute resolution, strive to enable consumers to enforce their rights. However, the system is often not designed with the interference of platforms in mind. The central question in this thesis is therefore whether the current legal framework offers a high level of consumer protection when using transport services in the digital era. The thesis concludes that the level of consumer protection can indeed be improved. It is proposed, among other things, to enshrine the position of the (online) transport intermediary as well as the rights of passengers in case of multimodal journeys in the EU passenger rights acquis. It also highlights the great importance of both public and private enforcement mechanisms for consumers. After all, effective protection stands or falls with the enforceability of consumer rights in practice
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Managing the powers of digital platforms through platform law, contract law and consumer law
No full textAbstract: The rise of digital platforms has reshaped the global economy, altering how goods and services are exchanged and redefining legal relationships between platform operators, and platform users. Using Amazon, Uber, and Booking.com as case studies, and focusing on Germany, Belgium, and the UK, this thesis examines (i) the gatekeeping, regulatory, and algorithmic powers wielded by digital platforms; (ii) the effects of these powers on platform users; and (iii) the legal tools available for managing these powers. The central question is: To what extent have the structural characteristics and power dynamics of the platform economy created gaps in contractual power management, and what legal and policy mechanisms can address these gaps? This research finds that the platform ecosystem disrupts traditional contract chains by placing platform operators in roles that were once held by various actors, shifting the balance of contractual power. It identifies that platforms exercise gatekeeping power through their control of access to the ecosystem and user data. Their regulatory power emerges through wide-ranged rule making and the use of standard contracts, often containing widely dispersed or unfair terms. Algorithmic power is seen in how platforms control core algorithms that influence product recommendations, pricing, search results, and user matching. Gatekeeping power can be exercised to impose strict terms for access to the platform and data, which can limit business users' ability to make informed decisions, restrict data portability, and provide a competitive advantage to platforms. The regulatory power can result in the imposition of unfair terms, and distortion of the balance of interest between consumers and sellers/service providers, and algorithmic power can be used to achieve preferential treatment, price discrimination, and other biases. This research combines insights mainly from platform law, contract law, and consumer law, to assess the extent of legal protections available to users against platforms\u2019 misuse of power. It shows that while there are applicable protection tools in these domains, gaps persist in managing the powers of digital platforms, such as the limited scope of platform laws, challenges in applying contract law protections, fragmented consumer protection laws across jurisdictions, sparse safeguards against algorithm misuse, and the challenge posed by algorithmic secrecy. The thesis proposes legal and policy reforms to rebalance power dynamics in the platform economy. It advocates for adaptive legal frameworks that recognize platforms' multifaceted roles and enhance user protections through flexible contract law and improved platform regulations
The transition from mobility ownership to mobility usership : is EU consumer law pushing the brakes? A comparative legal study
No full textAbstract: The growing call for ecologically responsible consumer choices, driven by greater awareness of the environmental and social consequences, is impacting consumer rights. This study explores the rights of consumers amid the mobility transition from ownership to usership within the circular economy. By means of an analysis of specific EU directives and their implementation in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and France, this study analyses whether, and to what extent, the protection of consumers of mobility usership is equivalent to that of consumers in traditional sales contracts. Furthermore, it includes an empirical analysis of the level of self-regulation within the Member States, consisting of a comprehensive analysis of the general terms and conditions of providers of mobility usership. The findings suggest that inequivalent protection exists for consumers of mobility usership due to both the ratione personae and ratione materiae scope of the directives. Although inequivalences may not necessarily pose significant problems, a mutatis mutandis assessment of the rules is important to consider the ratio legis of the legal rule, while ensuring that the rule remains proportional and practically possible. Furthermore, empirical findings show that the mobility usership sector sometimes enhances protection to levels comparable to those for traditional sales. This study sheds light on consumer rights and the mobility transition from ownership to usership in the circular economy and its results could be valuable for academics in the field o consumer law, policymakers involved in the transition from ownership to usership, and providers and consumers of mobility usership
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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