1,721,050 research outputs found
When do smartphones displace face-to-face interactions and what to do about it?
No full textThere is a public concern that smartphone communication undermines well-being by displacing face-to-face interactions. However, research on this “social displacement hypothesis” has provided mixed results. We examined when this hypothesis holds true (within-persons vs. between-persons) and tested an intervention to decrease smartphone communication. Participants (N = 109) reported daily on smartphone communication, face-to-face communication, and emotional well-being for fifteen days. At day six, participants were assigned to a mindfulness-treatment intervention group or a no-treatment control group. The social displacement hypothesis was confirmed at the within-person but not between-person level. Specifically, when someone communicates a lot using her smartphone during a particular day, that person engages in less face-to-face interactions during that same day. However, people who tend to spend a lot of time communicating on their smartphone do not engage in less face-to-face conversations than people who largely refrain from smartphone communication. The mindfulness-intervention reduced daily smartphone communication, which decreased negative emotions
Looking at emotion regulation through the window of emotion dynamics
No full textsponsorship: The writing of this article was aided by funding from KU Leuven Research Council Grants GOA/15/003 and OT/11/031, and by a research project to the first author and a postdoctoral research fellowship to the second author from the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO). (KU Leuven Research Council|GOA/15/003, KU Leuven Research Council|OT/11/031, Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO))status: Publishe
Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence
Full text linkPrior research indicates that Facebook usage predicts declines in subjective well-being over time. How does this come about? We examined this issue in 2 studies using experimental and field methods. In Study 1, cueing people in the laboratory to use Facebook passively (rather than actively) led to declines in affective well-being over time. Study 2 replicated these findings in the field using experience-sampling techniques. It also demonstrated how passive Facebook usage leads to declines in affective well-being: by increasing envy. Critically, the relationship between passive Facebook usage and changes in affective well-being remained significant when controlling for active Facebook use, non-Facebook online social network usage, and direct social interactions, highlighting the specificity of this result. These findings demonstrate that passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being.sponsorship: This research was supported by funds provided by the University of Michigan to EK and a postdoctoral research fellowship to PV from the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO). Author contributions: Conceived and designed Study 1: PV, DSL, JP, JB, HS, AO, OY, JJ, EK; conceived and designed Study 2: PV, DSL, JP, HS, JB, OY, JJ, EK; performed Study 1: DSL, HS, AO; performed Study 2: HS; analyzed the data: PV, DSL; wrote the article: PV, DSL, AO, EK; discussed the results and commented on the manuscript: PV, DSL, JP, HS, AO, JB, JJ, EK. (University of Michigan, Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO))status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Immersion and regulation:extended reality technologies, their impact on innovation and policy recommendations
No full textExtended Reality (XR) technologies, encompassing Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), are primed to revolutionise digital interactions across various sectors, from retail and education to entertainment and healthcare. As these immersive technologies rapidly evolve, they present unprecedented opportunities and novel challenges for citizens, businesses and policy-makers. This policy brief examines the current landscape of XR technologies, their potential impacts on citizens and society and the regulatory implications surrounding their development and implementation.XR offers significant benefits, including enhanced access to services, improved learning experiences and new forms of creative expression. However, it also raises concerns about privacy, data protection and potential adverse psychological effects, such as addiction and difficulties distinguishing between virtual and authentic experiences. The Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA) provide a regulatory framework that supports and potentially hinders XR innovation.The DSA and DMA are expected to have a mixed but positive long-term impact on XR innovation. While compliance efforts may slow down innovation for smaller XR developers due to the complexity of content moderation and data protection, fair competition, enhanced transparency, and interoperability are likely to foster innovation, increase user trust and attract more users over time, though challenges around real-time moderation and achieving true interoperability remain
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
How Teenagers’ Lifeworlds Are Shaped with Snaps, Streaks, and Social Surveillance
No full textWith five million active users in the Netherlands, Snapchat is integral to the digital lifeworld of many people, including minors. This paper critically examines Snapchat’s design choices and their implications for underage users. Snap Inc. employs algorithm-driven content curation, live location tracking and gamified interactions to maximise user engagement. While effective at increasing activity, these strategies often prioritise engagement metrics over the well-being of young users who are particularly sensitive to social feedback, validation and rejection.This paper’s focus on a platform heavily used by minors aligns with the objectives of the Digital Services Act (DSA), which aims to better protect minors in the EU. In addition, Snapchat falls under the Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) category of the DSA. Our paper argues that the responsibility of social media companies should extend beyond profit maximisation to include the well-being of their users, especially minors. In 2024, the European Commission acted against ByteDance (TikTok), Meta (Instagram and Facebook) and X Corp. (X, formerly Twitter) under the DSA for using so-called dark patterns: design techniques that mislead users and prompt certain behaviours. Our analysis indicates that the DSA may not offer sufficient protection at this moment, and it is also due to Snapchat’s lack of age verification measures.While not all young users are equally affected, raising awareness about these practices is crucial. This paper advocates for comprehensive education programmes to help young people navigate social media responsibly and critically. It recommends enhancing protections for policymakers and urges parents and schools to guide young users proactively. Creating environments where young people can openly discuss their online experiences and learn to manage them effectively is essential for their benefit and well-being.<br/
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