1,721,151 research outputs found
Implications of Country-Level Decisions on the Specification of Crown Cover in the Definition of Forests for Land Area Eligible for Afforestation and Reforestation Activities in the CDM
No full textUsing two functions based on soil nitrogen availability and soil water content, the hole-in-the-pipe model characterizes a large fraction of the observed variation of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soils
No full textClimate change mitigation through afforestation/reforestation: A global analysis of hydrologic impacts with four case studies
No full textThe implicit hydrologic dimensions of international efforts to mitigate climate change, specifically potential impacts of the Clean
Development Mechanism-Afforestation/Reforestation (CDM-AR) provisions of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) on global, regional and local water
cycles, are examined. The global impact of the redistribution of water use driven by agriculture and land use change, of which CDM-AR can
be a contributing factor, is a major component of ongoing global change and climate change processes. If converted to forest, large areas
deemed suitable for CDM-AR would exhibit increases in actual evapotranspiration (AET) and/or decreases in runoff. Almost 20% (144 Mha)
of all suitable land showed little or no impact on runoff and another 28% (210 Mha) showed only moderate impact. About 27% (200 Mha) was
in the highest impact class, exhibiting an 80–100% decrease in runoff, and prevalent in drier areas (based on Aridity Index (AI)), the semi-arid
tropics, and in conversion from grasslands and subsistence agriculture. Significant impacts on local hydrologic cycles were evident, however
large impacts were not predicted at regional or global scale due primarily to the current limit on carbon offset projects under the Kyoto
Protocol. Predicted decreases in runoff ranged from 54% in drier areas to less than 15% in more humid areas, based on four case studies
located across a range of biophysical conditions and project scenarios in Ecuador and Bolivia. Factors other than climate, e.g. upstream/
downstream position, were shown to be important in evaluating off-site impacts. This study demonstrates that it will become increasingly
important to consider implications on local to regional water resources, and how the hydrologic dimension of CDM-AR impacts on issues of
sustainability, local communities, and food security.status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
How developing countries can pursue low-emission development
No full textSeven years since the landmark Paris Agreement, 53 of 195 parties have so far submitted their long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. The slow pace of the submission of long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies is not surprising. Lowering greenhouse gas emissions, also known as climate change mitigation, has been a touchy topic in climate talks, particularly among developing countries. Among them is developing and communicating about their long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategie
Farmland could be used to sustainably offset America’s entire carbon footprint—if the will exists
No full textChallenges and opportunities for mitigation in the agricultural sector
No full text? Agriculture accounts for 10-12% of the total global anthropogenic emissions of GHGs or between 5.1 and 6.1 GtCO2e per annum. Between 1990 and 2010 emissions increased by around 18%, with a greater increase after 2005. ? The technical mitigation potential of agriculture (considering all gases and sources) by 2030 is estimated to be between 4.5 and 6 Gt CO2e yr-1 . The economic potential of all agricultural management practices by 2030 is considerably lower than the technical potential. ? About 30 percent of this potential can be achieved in developed countries and 70 percent in developing countries. ? Agricultural GHG mitigation options are cost competitive with options in other sectors (e.g., energy, transportation, forestry) in achieving long-term (i.e., 2100) climate objectives. ? Similar to other economic sectors, mitigation efforts in agriculture can be adopted in the context of a multilateral international agreement, as part of a development national strategy, or as a voluntary initiative by the private sector
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