1,720,964 research outputs found
Replication Data for: On the role of ecological validity in language and speech research
No full textThis dataset contains the results from 40 language and speech researchers, who completed a survey. In the first part of the survey, respondents were asked to complete a demographic (e.g., age, gender, first language) and professional background questionnaire (e.g., current academic position, research interests). In addition, they were asked several open-ended questions about their familiarity with and understanding of the term ‘ecological validity’ (e.g., which words come to mind when you hear this term, how to measure the ecological validity of a study, how does ecological validity apply to your area of research). In the second part of the survey, respondents were presented with 24 short speech excerpts, representing 12 different stimulus types. They were asked to rate each speech excerpt on its degree of casualness (i.e. spontaneity) and naturalness, and how likely they are to encounter each excerpt in everyday listening situations
Replication Data for: 'Listening to Accents: Comprehensibility, accentedness and intelligibility of native and non-native English speech'
No full textThis dataset contains the results from 33 Flemish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, who were exposed to eight native and non-native accents of English. These participants completed (i) a comprehensibility and accentedness rating task, followed by (ii) an orthographic transcription task. In the first task, listeners were asked to rate eight speakers of English on comprehensibility and accentedness on a nine-point scale (1 = easy to understand/no accent; 9 = hard to understand/strong accent). How Accentedness ratings and listeners' Familiarity with the different accents impacted on their Comprehensibility judgements was measured using a linear mixed-effects model. The orthographic transcription task, then, was used to verify how well listeners actually understood the different accents of English (i.e. intelligibility). To that end, participants' transcription Accuracy was measured as the number of correctly transcribed words and was estimated using a logistic mixed-effects model. Finally, the relation between listeners' self-reported ease of understanding the different speakers (comprehensibility) and their actual understanding of the speakers (intelligibility) was assessed using a linear mixed-effects regression. R code for the data analysis is provided
Replication Data for: The interplay between prosodic prominence and boundary strength in the production of English checked steady-state vowels
No full textDataset abstract
This dataset contains the measurements of 210 checked steady-state vowels. Previous studies have shown that suprasegmental factors have an impact on the duration of vowels, such as prosodic boundary strength and the proximity to the end of an intonation unit boundary. To the previous findings, this study adds another potential factor, namely the difference between primary accented, secondary accented, and non-accented syllables. By diversifying between these factors, we seek to establish the actual influence that each factor might have on the duration steady-state vowels, which will be assessed using multiple linear mixed-effects regression models. R code for the data analysis is provided.
Article abstract
This paper studies the effect of prosodic prominence on the production of English checked steady-state vowels. Previous studies found that prosodic factors, such as proximity to a strong prosodic boundary, influence vowel production, but the effect of prosodic prominence has not been studied in sufficient detail. This paper addresses this gap, examining if vowel duration correlates with prosodic prominence, more specifically with a three-way distinction between primary, secondary and non-prominence. This effect is compared to that of proximity to a strong prosodic boundary and to the prosodic boundary strength. This allows us to investigate not only the potential role of prosodic prominence in vowel production but also how it holds up to the previously observed effects of proximity and prosodic boundary strength. The findings provide new insights into the production of English vowels, while also adducing evidence for the relevance of a three-way phonological distinction between primary, secondary and non-prominence.
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Replication Data for: Phonetic reduction in native and non-native English speech: Assessing the intelligibility for L2 listeners
No full textThis dataset contains the results from 40 L1 British English, 80 Belgian Dutch and 80 European Spanish listeners, who were exposed to English speakers with a General British English, Newcastle and French accent. In the first experiment, participants completed (i) a demographic and linguistic background questionnaire, (ii) an orthographic transcription task and (iii) a vocabulary/general proficiency test (LexTALE; cf. Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012). In the transcription task, participants listened to 120 stimulus sentences and were asked to write down what the speakers said. Crucially, each sentence contained one target word that was either phonetically unreduced or phonetically reduced. How well the different groups of listeners understood the speakers (i.e. Intelligibility), and more importantly the unreduced and reduced words, was measured as the number of correctly transcribed target words and was assessed using a linear mixed-effects regression model. In the second experiment, participants completed (i) a demographic and linguistic background questionnaire, (ii) an auditory lexical decision task and (iii) a vocabulary/general proficiency test (LexTALE; cf. Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012). In the lexical decision task, participants were asked to decide whether a particular target word was a real word in English or a nonword. Participants' lexical decision responses (word vs. nonword) were analyzed using a mixed-effects logistic regression model, and their response times (i.e. time interval between stimulus offset and keypress) were analysed using a linear mixed-effects regression model. R code for the data analysis is provided
Replication Data for: Perceiving and identifying vowels in regional accents of English: Evidence from Dutch- and Spanish-speaking L2 listeners
No full textDataset abstract
This dataset contains the results of a study on cross-language and second-language vowel perception in Dutch-speaking and Spanish-speaking learners of English. The dataset includes both acoustic similarity predictions and behavioral data from two perceptual tasks.
For the acoustic comparisons, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) models were trained on native vowel data from Dutch and Spanish speakers, recorded in earlier studies. The models were tested on English vowel tokens produced by speakers of Southern British English (S.Eng), Northern British English (N.Eng), and Australian English (AusE), and predict how similar these English vowels are to Dutch and Spanish vowels based on acoustic properties, such as formant frequencies and vowel duration.
In addition to these acoustic predictions, the dataset includes behavioral responses collected during two experimental sessions. In the first session, 40 L1 Dutch and 40 L1 Spanish participants completed (i) a demographic and language background questionnaire, (ii) a cross-language vowel categorization task consisting of 210 trials, and (iii) a general vocabulary test (LexTALE; Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012). During the cross-language categorization task, participants listened to English vowels produced in the three accents and indicated which vowel from their native language was most similar to that vowel, followed by a goodness-of-fit rating (i.e., how good an example of that vowel the sound was). In the second session, the same participants completed a second-language vowel categorization task with the same 210 trials, in which they were asked to identify which English vowel they heard and to rate how good an example of that vowel it was.
The participants’ cross-language categorization responses were compared to the acoustic similarity scores from the LDA models, to assess how perceived (phonetic) similarity and acoustic similarity align. Participants' identification accuracy in the second-language task was analyzed using a mixed-effects logistic regression model. The repository includes all raw and processed data, the R code used for statistical analysis, and the model outputs.Article abstract
This study examines how L2 English listeners perceive and categorize vowels produced in three regional accents of English: Southern British (S.Eng), Northern British (N.Eng), and Australian English (AusE). Specifically, we investigate how L1 speakers of Belgian Dutch and European Spanish classify these vowels in terms of their native vowel categories, and how such perceptual classifications relate to acoustic similarity between L1-L2 vowels and L2 vowel identification accuracy. To quantify cross-language acoustic similarity and predict which L2 vowel contrasts would be perceptually challenging, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) models were trained on Dutch and Spanish vowel data and tested on English vowel data. 40 Dutch-speaking and 40 Spanish-speaking participants then completed a cross-language categorization task and second-language vowel identification task using naturally produced /CVC/ syllables. The results demonstrate that LDA-based acoustic similarity
largely predicts cross-language perception, although certain vowel categorization
patterns point to differences in acoustic cue-weighting between the LDA models and
participants. Compared to Spanish listeners, Dutch listeners’ classifications showed
greater divergence from the LDA model, likely reflecting the denser vowel inventory of
Dutch and the resulting increase in category competition. Additionally, participants’
cross-language vowel categorization responses predicted their L2 vowel identification
accuracy. That is, L2 vowels consistently mapped onto a (single) different L1 category
with high goodness-of-fit were more likely to be identified correctly. Identification
accuracy was highest for S.Eng vowels, aligning with participants’ greater self-reported familiarity with that accent. Together, our findings highlight the complex interplay between cross-language similarity, vowel inventory and accent familiarity in shaping L2 perception. </p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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