1,354,263 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evaluating different methods of creating capacity for injecting green gas in the distributional gas grid
No full textIn the Dutch climate agreement, the Klimaatakkoord, the Dutch government has set an ambition to produce 70 PJ worth of green gas in the country by 2030. This ambition has been set to reduce the carbon emissions from the use of natural gas, as green gas is a low carbon alternative. Green gas is produced by anaerobically digesting biomass - i.e.,manure, agriculturalwaste, sewage sludge - and removing any unwanted compounds during the upgrading stage of the production process. The result is green gas, a gas which is of the same characteristics as natural gas and can be used for the same appliances. It can thus, also be injected into the Dutch gas network where it can be transported to end consumers such as households and the industry. As of January 2020, the production capacity of green gas is 0.18 billion cubic meters per year which converts to 6.33 PJ, only 9% of the production capacity goal set by the government. Change is thus necessary in order for the ambition to be reached. One of the major obstacles holding back the growth of green gas production in the country is the injection capacity of the distributional networks of the gas system. Green gas is mostly produced in small-scale decentralized anaerobic digesters which are connected to the distributional grid. These distributional grids have been designed to distribute gas fromthe high pressure transmission network operated by Gasunie to the end users. They have not been designed to receive gas on a decentralized level. The problem with green gas is that production and injection occurs at a constant rate due to the biochemical nature of the production process. The supply of green gas is constant. On the other hand, demand is not constant. Demand fluctuates on a seasonal and daily basis. During summertime for example, demand is very low due to the higher outside temperature. There is thus less need for gas for spatial heating. The constant supply and fluctuating demand therefore result in imbalances which need to be managed in the distributional grid, or else the producers will not be able to inject the gas. The distributional system operators will thus need to invest in strategies that can increase the injection capacity of green gas or the ambition of the Dutch government will be difficult to reach. The goal of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different capacity-creating strategies for different distributional gas networks and gain insights that can be used by decision-makers. To determine the cost-effectiveness of the different strategies for different networks, a model has been developed with which different gas networks and their network-specific variables can be simulated over a period of 15 years. This part of the model is used to determine when imbalances between supply and demand occur, and what the extent of the imbalances are while also taking demand and supply trends into account. The capacity-creating strategies can be applied to the network in the model which can then be used to analyze how effective the strategies are in decreasing the occurrence and extent of the imbalances. A decrease in imbalance means more green gas can be injected into the network and thus more green gas producers can connect to that network. It also means more natural gas can then be substituted by the low carbon green gas resulting in lower carbon emissions. This part of the model is finally combined with a social cost benefit modelwith which the costs of the investment and the benefits of decreasing the imbalances can be translated to monetary terms. This will aid decision-makers in the decision-making process regarding investing in the distributional gas grid. The general analysis showed that there is a clear distinction between strategies that can create a lot of injection capacity and strategies that are very limited in their ability to create injection capacity. Static and dynamic pressure adjustments, and connecting CNG refueling stations to add additional demand to the network are strategies that are limited in their effectiveness. Pressure adjustments are affected by the pipeline volume and average pressure in that pipeline. Both are relatively low in distributional grids compared to the transmission grid thus adjusting the pressure in the grid to createmore storage capacity is not very effective in creating capacity. Static pressure adjustments however have negligible costs and are therefore deemed a costeffective measure. Performing dynamic pressure adjustments require the placement of a costly system and has been found to be outperformed by static pressure adjustments for all analyzed networks. CNG refueling stations add a small amount of demand and some storage capacity. However, due to the expected decrease in gas demand fromthe transport sector, the effectiveness of connecting to CNG refueling stations decreases severely to the point that connecting to new stations does not make sense froma cost-wise perspective. Using the storage tanks of the stations to strategically store gas during the more problematic nighttime - imbalances occur more often during nighttime than during the day - however is a cost-effective strategy. DSOs should consider reaching out to CNG refueling station operators for this strategy. The other strategies have a much higher capability of creating injection capacity. Their cost-effectiveness is however very location specific. A gas booster needs to be placed close to the transmission network and an industrial user or other distributional network to connect to can be difficult to find in some cases. Their effectiveness is determined by the feed-in limit for the gas booster, and the additional demand for the industrial user and other distributional network. The costs are governed by the distance to the strategy as new pipelines will have to be constructed to reach them. Also, dependent on the urbanization level of the region the pipelines will be built in, the costs can differ. Constructing in amore urbanized region will be more costly. Finally, a storage facility has been found to create a decent amount of injection capacity too - though this is affected by its scale - however, it is a very costly option resulting in a negative net present value and should thus only be considered as a last resort strategy. Finally, the model is used to analyze the Stedin network in Friesland as a case study. It is expected that this network will experience a lot of imbalances in the future because of the large amount of expected green gas producers in that area. The analysis was used to gain insights with which recommendations are developed for Stedin. First of all, static pressure adjustments and strategically using the storage tanks of CNG refueling stations that are already connected to the network should be used to create additional injection capacity. Both strategies are very cost-effective however they do not create enough capacity for all the expected green gas producers to connect. In order to accommodate the connection of all the expected green gas producers, Stedin will have to make use of a gas booster to inject surpluses of green gas into the transmission network. A possible location for a gas booster in Friesland is on the gas grid in Leeuwarden operated by the DSO Liander. Stedin will thus have to connect its network to that of Liander in Friesland. The most cost-effective option for this is to connect the network from Hallum to Leeuwarden through the network of Stiens. The total net present value of the investments mentioned above is estimated to be 22 million euros, thus making it a very beneficial investment.Engineering and Policy Analysi
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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