1,721,026 research outputs found
HPV vaccination in women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3: Evidence-based recommendation from the multisociety Italian guidelines for cervical cancer prevention
Full text linkObjective: Women treated for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3 are at increased risk of CIN and cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is effective in preventing CIN in women who are not infected by HPV. Some studies suggested that vaccination may reduce the risk of CIN2 or 3 in women treated for CIN. A working group including all Italian scientific societies involved in tackling cervical cancer developed a recommendation on vaccination against HPV for women treated for CIN2 or CIN3. Data sources, methodsofstudyselection: The group conducted a systematic review of the literature published from January 2006 to May 2019. Evidence on safety outcomes was retrieved by a recent Cochrane Review on vaccination in the general population. To develop the final recommendation, evidences were appraised and integrated by a Panel of Experts using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision framework. Tabulation, integrationandresults: Six eligible studies were included. Four were RCTs and two were cohort studies, with different timing of vaccination. An additional study, published in October 2019, was taken into consideration after external review. A reduction of 70% CIN2+ in the treatment group was estimated; the vaccine was considered safe. Conclusion: The working group recommends the use of HPV vaccination in women treated for CIN2 or 3. The strong recommendation is based on large estimated desirable effects and trivial anticipated undesirable effects (moderate certainty of evidence), negligible costs and savings (no studies included), and a positive judgment in terms of feasibility, acceptability, and impact on equity
Developing evidence-based multisociety italian guidelines for cervical cancer prevention: Rationale, methods, and development process
No full textObjective: Cervical cancer prevention shows a variability across Italian Regions unjustified by available evidence, increasing the health, economic and organizational burden. Evidence-based recommendations on topics not covered by international guidelines are needed to tackle existing inequalities. This article describes the rationale, methods, and process for development of the Multisociety Italian Guidelines for cervical cancer prevention. Methods: The Italian legislative framework requires guidelines to be consistent with methodological standards set by the National System for Guidelines (SNLG) of the National Institute of Health. Results: The nine scientific societies involved in cervical cancer prevention participated to the project, including clinicians, policy makers, methodologists, and researchers. Patients were involved as full voting panel members. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was adopted to assess the certainty of evidence collected by systematic reviews. The GRADE Evidenceto- Decision framework (EtD) was used to structure the appraisal of evidence and to formulate final recommendations. The EtD and a conflict-of-interests management policy were adopted to minimize the influence of competing interests. Discussion: Full transparency guided the reporting of each step of the process, to support the implementation of recommendations in each context and the future updating process. Considerations for subgroups, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of recommendations and research priorities were also provided. A two-step review process by external experts and SNLG reviewers, prior to online publication, ensured the methodological robustness underlying final recommendations. Finally, to increase publication timeliness, guidelines are organised in chapters that group sets of related recommendations to be published independently
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
HPV vaccination in women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3: Evidence-based recommendation from the multisociety Italian guidelines for cervical cancer prevention
No full textObjective: Women treated for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3 are at increased risk of CIN and cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is effective in preventing CIN in women who are not infected by HPV. Some studies suggested that vaccination may reduce the risk of CIN2 or 3 in women treated for CIN. A working group including all Italian scientific societies involved in tackling cervical cancer developed a recommendation on vaccination against HPV for women treated for CIN2 or CIN3. Data sources, methodsofstudyselection: The group conducted a systematic review of the literature published from January 2006 to May 2019. Evidence on safety outcomes was retrieved by a recent Cochrane Review on vaccination in the general population. To develop the final recommendation, evidences were appraised and integrated by a Panel of Experts using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision framework. Tabulation, integrationandresults: Six eligible studies were included. Four were RCTs and two were cohort studies, with different timing of vaccination. An additional study, published in October 2019, was taken into consideration after external review. A reduction of 70% CIN2+ in the treatment group was estimated; the vaccine was considered safe. Conclusion: The working group recommends the use of HPV vaccination in women treated for CIN2 or 3. The strong recommendation is based on large estimated desirable effects and trivial anticipated undesirable effects (moderate certainty of evidence), negligible costs and savings (no studies included), and a positive judgment in terms of feasibility, acceptability, and impact on equity
Developing evidence-based multisociety italian guidelines for cervical cancer prevention: Rationale, methods, and development process
No full textObjective: Cervical cancer prevention shows a variability across Italian Regions unjustified by available evidence, increasing the health, economic and organizational burden. Evidence-based recommendations on topics not covered by international guidelines are needed to tackle existing inequalities. This article describes the rationale, methods, and process for development of the Multisociety Italian Guidelines for cervical cancer prevention. Methods: The Italian legislative framework requires guidelines to be consistent with methodological standards set by the National System for Guidelines (SNLG) of the National Institute of Health. Results: The nine scientific societies involved in cervical cancer prevention participated to the project, including clinicians, policy makers, methodologists, and researchers. Patients were involved as full voting panel members. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was adopted to assess the certainty of evidence collected by systematic reviews. The GRADE Evidenceto- Decision framework (EtD) was used to structure the appraisal of evidence and to formulate final recommendations. The EtD and a conflict-of-interests management policy were adopted to minimize the influence of competing interests. Discussion: Full transparency guided the reporting of each step of the process, to support the implementation of recommendations in each context and the future updating process. Considerations for subgroups, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of recommendations and research priorities were also provided. A two-step review process by external experts and SNLG reviewers, prior to online publication, ensured the methodological robustness underlying final recommendations. Finally, to increase publication timeliness, guidelines are organised in chapters that group sets of related recommendations to be published independently
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