1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
‘Nature’, ‘law’, ‘humanity’ — the rise of Positivism, with reference to Quesnay, Turgot and Comte
No full textEnglsih: The positivist expansion of the metaphorical conception of (natural) law over all aspects of human life (ending in technicism) dialectically denies the supposedly autonomous rational control of humankind (modernity, Kant, Marx). The two meanings of natural law — the moral and the physical — were unified by the physiocrat Quesnay in a single formula stressing both the advantage of humankind and humanity’s dependence upon the subhuman environment. Another physiocrat, Turgot, understood human history in terms of inevitable laws of progress, and stressed the fundamental role of natural necessity in human social formations. Auguste Comte, attempting, like Quesnay, to unify the moral and the physical, completed the natural science approach to human life, which forced him to find a natural divinity in Humanity in order to give meaning to human life, but the course towards naturalism had already been setAfrikaans: Die positiwistiese uitbreiding van die metaforiese konsepsie van ’n (natuur)wet wat alle aspekte van die menslike lewe beheers, ontken dialekties die veronderstelde outonome rasionele beheersing van die natuur deur die mens (moderniteit, Kant, Marx). Die twee natuurwetopvattings — naamlik as ’n morele en as ’n fisiese wet — is deur die fisiokraat Quesnay tot een formule verenig, waarin sowel die voordeel van ons mensheid as ons afhanklikheid van die benede-menslike omgewing beklemtoon is. ’n Ander fisiokraat, Turgot, het die menslike geskiedenis verklaar in terme van die onvermydelike wette van vooruitgang, en het die fundamentele rol van natuurnoodwendigheid in menslike samelewingsvorming beklemtoon. Auguste Comte het soos Quesnay gepoog om die morele met die fisiese dimensie te verenig, en so die natuurwetenskaplike benadering tot die menslike lewe afgerond, waardeur hy gedwing is om, ter wille van singewing aan die menslike lewe, ’n natuurlike godheid, die Mensheid, te poneer. Die beweging na naturalisme was egter teen hierdie tyd reeds gevestig.Publisher's versio
'Modernity': the historical ontology
No full textEnglish: The article focuses on a fundamental and generally disregarded aspect of modern thought: the turn in eighteenth-century philosophy towards a historical ontology. The works of selected intellectuals such as Defoe and Rousseau (in contrast to Hobbes) highlight the shift away from a static, hierarchical ontology with God as the highest structuring force, in the direction of a historical ontology with an inherent teleology and the dominance of reason as its eschaton - progress between the dialectically related poles of nature and culture. This historical ontology has since been taken up by important nineteenth-century thinkers such as Hegel, Comte, Marx and Darwin, and also makes its influence felt in the irrationalist tradition (albeit with the poles inverted), and even in the present day in various areas of culture (such as the film Dead Poets' Society).Afrikaans: Die artikel beoog om 'n fundamentele, meesal misgekykte aspek van die moderne denke onder vergrootglas te plaas, naamlik die historiese wending in die ontologie in die agtiende eeu. Aan die hand van werke van geselekteerde intellektuele soos Defoe en Rousseau (in teenstelling tot Hobbes) word die verskuiwing aangedui: weg van 'n statiese hierargiese ontologie met God as die hoogste struktureerder, in die rigting van 'n historiese ontologie met 'n inherente teleologie en die heerskappy van rasionaliteit as sy eschaton - vooruitgang tussen die dialekties-verbonde pole van natuur en kultuur. Die historiese ontologie kan by belangrike negentiende-eeuse denkers (Hegel, Comte, Marx, Darwin) teruggevind word, en laat geld hom ook in die irrasionalistiese tradisie (sy dit met die pole omgekeerd), selfs tot vandag in verskillende kultuurvertakkinge (soos die film Dead Poets' Society).Publisher's versio
Early modern conceptions of “natural law”
No full textEnglish: This article traces the shifts in meaning of the metaphor of “natural law” in modern thought from its pre-modern meaning as a divine standard for human behaviour accessible to reason. Descartes expanded this meaning to include the regularity of mechanical bodies by posing an absolute law system for all possible worlds as a priori, rational, and axiomatic. Newton relativised this from the perspective of the multi-facetted governance of God. The older conception of natural law sustained itself in economics and politicology, serving as a defence of individual freedom and non-intervention (Petty, Locke), but (dialectically) implying a determinism. It remained linked to Cartesian meaning via attempts by Petty, Hobbes and Locke to construct a natural science of social life.Afrikaans: Die artikel omlyn die verskuiwing in betekenis van die metafoor “natuurwet” in die moderne denke, van sy voormoderne betekenis as ’n goddelike maatstaf vir menslike gedrag toeganklik vir die rede. Descartes het hierdie betekenis uitgebrei om die reëlmaat van meganiese liggame in te sluit, deur ’n absolute wetsisteem vir alle moontlike wêrelde as a priori, rasioneel, aksiomaties te poneer. Newton het laasgenoemde gerelativeer uit ’n perspektief op die veelfasettige regering van God. Die ouer opvatting van “natuurwet” is gehandhaaf in die ekonomie en die politikologie, waar dit gedien het as verdediging van individuele vryheid en non-intervensie (Petty, Locke), maar ook (dialekties) ’n determinisme geïmpliseer het. Dit het egter verband bly hou met die Cartesiese betekenis deur pogings van Petty, Hobbes en Locke om ’n natuurwetenskap van die sosiale lewe te konstrueer.Publisher's versio
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