1,720,955 research outputs found
Suitability of the ‘Little DCDQ' for the identification of DCD in a selected group of 3–5-year-old South African children
No full textBackground: In order to identify Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) as soon as possible, we need validated screening instruments that can be used for the early identification of motor coordination delays. The aim of this study was to establish the suitability of the Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (Little DCDQ) for the identification of DCD in a selected group of 3–5-year-old South African children (N = 53). Method: Both reliability and validity of the Little DCDQ were assessed. Test items of the Little DCDQ, completed by the parents, were compared against the standardised Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, in a group of 53 children aged 3–5 years. Results: Correlations of r = 0.3 were established between two of the test items and good internal consistency (Chronbach's Alpha, r = > 0.8) was established. The Little DCDQ showed poor sensitivity (57.14%), but reasonable specificity (81.25%). Conclusion: These results indicate that the Little DCDQ has potential as a screening instrument to detect possible DCD, but a few adjustments need to be considered
Extent and nature of motor difficulties based on age, ethnicity, gender and socio–economic status in a selected group of three–to five–year–old children
Full text linkAttention to adequate motor development is important during the pre–school years, to minimise possible motor difficulties when the child grows older. The aim of this study was to establish the nature and extent of motor function problems based on socio–economic status, gender, age and ethnicity in 3– to 5–year–old children. A convenience sample of 53 participants, aged 3.0–4.11 years from five pre–schools was assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–2. A percentage of 11.32% of the group (5 girls; 1 boy) were classified with severe Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). These results indicate that the higher socio–economic group (22.73%), girls (15.63%), black children (18.18%) and the three–year–old group (12.50%) had the most children in the severe DCD category. The 3.0–year–old group performed significantly better (p?0.05) than the 4.0–year–old group in aiming and catching. White children outperformed black children in fine motor skills and boys outperformed (p?0.05) girls in aiming and catching. No statistical significant differences were found between the different socio–economic groups. These results confirm motor difficulties in three– to five–year–old children and age and gender differences.
Vlak van ooreenstemming tussen die "Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2" en die "Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire" vir breë sifting by kinders onder 5 jaar
Full text linkMSc (Kinderkinetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015Verskeie navorsers het bevind dat motoriese agterstande by drie- tot vyfjarige kinders
voorkom en dat daar 'n beperkte hoeveelheid siftingsmeetinstrumente beskikbaar is om die
moontlikheid van motoriese agterstande by die kind jonger as vyf jaar te identifiseer.
Sommige faktore wat navorsers meen ‘n invloed op die motoriese agterstande van kinders
het, is ouderdom, ras, geslag en sosio-ekonomiese status. Hierdie motoriese agterstande kan
tot ontwikkelingskoördinasieversteuring (DCD) aanleiding gee wat op 'n vroeë ouderdom
geïdentifiseer moet word ten einde effektiewe hulp te verleen.
Hierdie studie se doel was tweedoelig. Dit was eerstens daarop gemik om die aard en omvang
van motoriese uitvalle gegrond op sosio-ekonomiese klas, geslag, ras en ouderdom by 'n
geselekteerde groep drie- tot vyfjarige Suid-Afrikaanse kinders te bepaal. Die tweede doel
was om die geskiktheid van die “Little DCDQ” vraelys vir die identifisering van DCD by 'n
geselekteerde groep drie- tot vyfjarige kinders te bepaal.
Vir die eerste doel is 53 kleuters (N=53) by die studie betrek. Die proefpersone is volgens
hulle chronologiese ouderdom in twee oudersdomsgroepe verdeel, naamlik 3.0-3.11 jaar
(n=24) en 4.0-4.11 jaar (n=29). Een en twintig seuns (n=21) en twee en dertig dogters (n=32)
is ingesluit. Twee rasgroepe, blankes (n=20) en swartes (n=33), is in die ondersoekgroep
verteenwoordig. Die groep is ook verdeel in twee sosio-ekonomiese klasse, gebaseer op
inkomste van die gesin, naamlik laag (n=31) en hoog (n=22). Die proefpersone is met die
“Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2)” getoets om die aard van hulle
motoriese agterstande te bepaal. Die “Statistica for Windows 2013” Statsoftrekenaarprogrampakket
is gebruik vir data-ontleding. Vir doelstelling 1 is data eerstens vir
beskrywende doeleindes deur middel van rekenkundige gemiddeldes ( X ),
standaardafwykings (sa) en minimum en maksimum waardes ontleed. Frekwensieverdelings
is verder gebruik om die DCD status van die groep te ontleed. Verskille met betrekking tot
sosio-ekonomiese klas, geslag, ras en ouderdom is vergelyk deur van onafhanklike t-toetsing
gebruik te maak, waar p≤0.05 as betekenisvol aanvaar is. Uit die resultate wat bestudeer is,
blyk dit wel die geval te wees dat motoriese
uitvalle by drie- tot vyfjarige kinders voorkom en dat sosio-ekonomiese klas, geslag, ras en
ouderdom 'n rol speel. Resultate toon dat 11.3% van die groep met ernstige DCD
geïdentifiseer is. Die hoë sosio-ekonomiese klas (22.7%), meisies (15.6%), swart kinders
(18.2%) en die drie jaar ouderdomsgroep (12.5%) het die meeste kinders in die ernstige DCD
klassifikasie gehad. Geen betekenisvolle ouderdomsverskille het tussen die twee
ouderdomsgroepe voorgekom nie, buiten vir die gooi- en vangvaardighede waar die
driejarige groep betekenisvol beter (p≤0.05) as die vierjarige groep gevaar het. Wit kinders
het beter as swart kinders in die fynmotoriese vaardighede presteer en seuns het betekenisvol
beter (p≤0.05) as dogters in die gooi- en vangvaardigheid presteer. Geen statistiese verskille
met betrekking tot die veranderlikes wat getoets is, is tussen die verskillende sosioekonomiese
klasse gevind nie.
Vir doelstelling 2 het 110 kleuters se ouers die “Little Developmental Coordination Disorder
Questionnaire (Little DCDQ)” voltooi. Volgens die toetstotaal is die kleuters in ‘n rangorde
geplaas, waarna elke tweede kleuter op die rangorde met die MABC-2 getoets is om die vlak
van ooreenstemming tussen die twee meetinstrumente te bepaal (N=53). Betroubaarheid is
ontleed deur Chronbach Alpha-waardes vir die twee toetsbatterye te bepaal. Geldigheid van
die “Little DCDQ” is ontleed deur eerstens van Spearman korrelasiekoëffisiënte gebruik te
maak waarna kruistabulering gebruik is om vas te stel hoeveel kinders in die onderskeie DCD
kategorieë ooreenstemmend deur die vraelys en toetsbattery geklassifiseer is om sodoende
die sensitiwiteit en die spesifisiteit van die vraelys te bepaal. Die “Little DCDQ” en die
MABC-2 toon goeie betroubaarheid vir al die veranderlikes wat 'n Cronbach Alpha van hoër
as r=0.8 getoon het. Die “Little DCDQ” het matige korrelasie getoon met twee van die vier
veranderlikes van die MABC-2, waar die vang- en gooi afdeling van die MABC-2
korrelasie van r=0.3 met die algehele koördinasie afdeling van die “Little DCDQ” en die
totaal van die MABC-2 'n korrelasie van r=0.29 met die totaal van die “Little DCDQ” getoon
het. Die “Little DCDQ” se sensitiwiteit en spesifisiteit het egter nie aanvaarbare resultate
getoon nie (r=57,1% en r=81,2%) in vergelyking met die MABC-2 vir die totale van die
“Little DCDQ”.
Samevattend kan uit die resultate gerapporteer word dat ras en geslag wel 'n rol speel in die
aard en omvang van motoriese uitvalle by drie- tot vyfjarige kinders. Uit die huidige studie
het dit egter geblyk dat sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede nie so 'n groot rol speel nie. Dit het
ook duidelik geword dat die “Little DCDQ” as 'n moontlike siftingsmeetinstrument vir die
identifikasie van DCD by kinders jonger as vyf jaar woonagtig in Suid-Afrika oorweeg kan
word, maar met aanpassings. Die “Little DCDQ” moet in meer diepte ondersoek word vir
gebruiksmoontlikhede om DCD by kinders jonger as vyf jaar te identifiseer ten opsigte van
die uitdagings wat die Suid-Afrikaanse kultuur en grootword omstandighede vir kinders se
ontwikkeling inhou.Master
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
