199,489 research outputs found
Venables, H M (Harold Murray), NX125820
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/423000Surname: VENABLES. Given Name(s) or Initials: H M (HAROLD MURRAY). Military Service Number or Last Known Location: NX125820. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 51575.249515
Item: [2016.0049.55261] "Venables, H M (Harold Murray), NX125820
M. Fujita, P. Krugman et A. Venables, The Spatial Economy : Cities, Regions and International TradeMIT Press, 1999
No full textGaigné Carl, Goffette-Nagot Florence. M. Fujita, P. Krugman et A. Venables, The Spatial Economy : Cities, Regions and International TradeMIT Press, 1999. In: Cahiers d'Economie et sociologie rurales, N°65, 4e trimestre 2002. pp. 65-73
Geography and development
No full textThe most striking fact about the economic geography of the world is the uneven spatial distribution of economic activity, including the coexistence of economic development and underdevelopment. High-income regions are almost entirely concentrated in a few temperate zones, half of the world's GDP is produced by 15 percent of the world's population, and 54 percent of the world's GDP is produced by countries occupying just 10 percent of the world's land area. The poorest half of the world's population produces only 14 percent of the world's GDP, and 17 of the poorest 20 nations are in tropical Africa. The unevenness is also manifest within countries and within metropolitan concentrations of activity. Why are these spatial differences in land rents and wages not bid away by firms and individuals in search of low-cost or high-income locations? Why does economic activity cluster in centers of activity? And what are the consequences of remoteness from existing centers? The authors argue that understanding these issues is central for understanding many aspects of economic development and underdevelopment at the international, national, and subcontinental levels. They review the theoretical and empirical work that illuminates how the spatial relationship between economic units changes and conclude that geography matters for development, but that economic growth is not governed by a geographic determinism. New economic centers can develop, and the costs of remoteness can be reduced. Many explicit policy instruments have been used to influence location decisions. But none has been systematically successful, and many have been very costly-in part because they were based on inappropriate expectations. Moreover, many ostensibly nonspatial policies that benefit specific sectors and households have spatial consequences since the targeted sectors and households are not distributed uniformly across space. These nonspatial policies can sometimes dominate explicitly spatial policies. Further work is needed to better understand these dynamics in developing countries.Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Labor Policies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Health Economics&Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
Shifts in economic geography and their causes
No full textRecent decades have seen momentous changes in the economic geography of the world. Political transitions and economic liberalization have brought formerly closed countries into the world economy. Such changes have challenged our understanding of the location of economic activity and of the determinants of changes in the pattern of location. ; In a presentation at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City’s 2006 economic symposium, “The New Economic Geography: Effects and Policy Implications,” Venables explored how a new economic geography perspective provides a number of additional insights into existing patterns of activity and into the forces driving future changes. ; His discussion focused on three key propositions. First, proximity to other economic agents—workers, consumers, and firms—is good for productivity. Second, large income disparities are a perfectly natural outcome of a world in which proximity matters. And, third, the effects of increased trade are potentially ambiguous—there are circumstances in which cheaper spatial interactions cause inequality, not convergence.Economic conditions
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No full textRegarding the mailing address for D. M. Faith Venables in England.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/ciwar_corresp/1353/thumbnail.jp
Trading arrangements and industrial development
No full textHow do different trading arrangements influence the industrialization process of developing countries? Can preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) be superior to multilateral liberalization, or at least an alternative when multilateral liberalization proceeds slowly? If so, what form should the PTAs take? Are developing countries better advised to seek PTAs with industrial countries or among themselves? Traditional analysis of these issues has been based on the idea of trade creation and trade diversion. The problem with this analysis is that it starts from assuming a pattern of comparative advantage of newly industrialized countries. The experience of these countries suggests the need for an analysis in which the pattern of comparative advantage is not set in stone but is potentially flexible, and in which less developed countries can develop and converge in both income and economic structure to industrial economies. The authors outline an alternative approach for analyzing the role of trade in promoting industrial development. There are few fundamental differences between countries that generate immutable patterns of comparative advantage. Instead the pattern of trade and development in the world economy is determined mainly by history. Cumulative causation has created concentrations of industrial activity in particular locations (industrial countries) and left other areas more dependent on primary activities. Economic development can be thought of as the spread of these concentrations from country to country. Different trading arrangements may have a major impact on this development process. By changing the attractiveness of countries as a base for manufacturing production they can potentially trigger or postpone industrial development. This approach explains why firms are reluctant to move to economies that have lower wages and labor costs, and shows how trade liberalization can change the incentives to become established in developing countries. It provides a mechanism through which import liberalization can have a powerful effect in promoting industrialization. And it suggests that import liberalization may create or amplify differences between liberalizing countries with the possible political tensions this may create. While these features are consistent with the world economy, they fall short of providing convincing empirical support for the approach. Using the approach, the authors derive number of conclusions about the effects of trade liberalization. First, that unilaterally liberalizing imports of manufactures can promote development of the local manufacturing industry. The mechanism is forward linkages from imported intermediates, but this may be interpreted as part of a wider package of linkages coming from these imports. Second, the gains from liberalization through PTA membership are likely to exceed those obtained from unilateral action. South-South PTAs will be sensitive to the market size of member states, and North-South PTAs seem to offer better prospects for participating Southern economies, if not for North and excluded countries. Third, the effects of particular schemes (such as the division of benefits between Southern economies) will depend on the characteristics of the countries and cross-country differences in these characteristics.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Labor Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade and Regional Integration,Water and Industry
New production and the f ratio around the Crozet Plateau in austral summer 2004–2005 diagnosed from seasonal changes in inorganic nutrient levels
No full textRecent mesoscale iron-fertilisation experiments suggest that iron may be an important micronutrient in HNLC regions but estimates of carbon export from such experiments are inconclusive. An alternative strategy to estimate export from such environments is to observe naturally productive ecosystems associated with topography. One such system is the Crozet islands and associated plateau (Crozet), at 46°S, 52°E. Each year a large bloom of phytoplankton occurs to the north of Crozet with a reduced bloom occurring to the south. We use nitrate data from the Crozet region collected during austral summer 2004–2005 to estimate new production (NP) via the Redfield ratio. Peak integrated values of up to 50 g C m?2 to the north of the plateau and up to 15 g C m?2 to the south are inferred. We estimate total integrated primary production (TP) using satellite techniques and calculate f for each station. Overall NP is linearly related to TP. However, f declines at very high levels of TP because nitrate usage ceases despite continuing PP and because nitrate levels increased from their postbloom low. This results either from a resupply of nitrate from beneath the thermocline due to mixing processes or to the mixed-layer ammonification and nitrification of accumulated organic nitrogen. We discount the first possibility because our estimates of the mixing flux of nitrate appear to be inadequate to cause the entire recovery in nitrate levels, and because any mixing flux of nitrate would likely be accompanied by a resupply of iron, which would induce NP to occur and erode the resupply of nitrate. Instead we consider the recycling of accumulated organic nitrogen to be a more likely explanation based on our observation of high organic nitrogen levels in the mixed layer north of Crozet during the cruise. The implications of this conclusion are that euphotic zone nitrification is a significant process, and that in this system new and export production are not equivalent. This recycling is sufficiently large that it reduces our estimate of NP north of the plateau to a level where it is equivalent to NP in the south. Whether a similar refertilisation of the mixed layer occurred in the south of the study region, which would be consistent with a meridional gradient in carbon export, is unknown due to the limited duration of the shipboard programme
Seasonal trophic structure of the Scotia Sea pelagic ecosystem considered through biomass spectra and stable isotope analysis
No full textThe biomass size structure of pelagic communities provides a system level perspective that can be instructive when considering trophic interactions. Such perspectives can become even more powerful when combined with taxonomic information and stable isotope analysis. Here we apply these approaches to the pelagic community of the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean) and consider the structure and development of trophic interactions over different years and seasons. Samples were collected from three open-ocean cruises during the austral spring 2006, summer 2008 and autumn 2009. Three main sampling techniques were employed: sampling bottles for microplankton (0–50 m), vertically hauled fine meshed nets for mesozooplankton (0–400 m) and coarse-meshed trawls for macrozooplankton and nekton (0–1000 m). All samples were identified to the lowest practicable taxonomic level and their abundance, individual body weight and biomass (in terms of carbon) estimated. Slopes of normalised biomass spectrum versus size showed a significant but not substantial difference between cruises and were between −1.09 and −1.06. These slopes were shallower than expected for a community at equilibrium and indicated that there was an accumulation of biomass in the larger size classes (101–105 mg C ind−1). A secondary structure of biomass domes was also apparent, with the domes being 2.5–3 log10 intervals apart in spring and summer and 2 log10 intervals apart in autumn. The recruitment of copepod-consuming macrozooplankton, Euphausia triacantha and Themisto gaudichaudii into an additional biomass dome was responsible for the decrease in the inter-dome interval in autumn. Predator to prey mass ratios estimated from stable isotope analysis reached a minimum in autumn while the estimated trophic level of myctophid fish was highest in that season. This reflected greater amounts of internal recycling and increased numbers of trophic levels in autumn compared to earlier times of the year. The accumulation of biomass in larger size classes throughout the year in the Scotia Sea may reflect the prevalence of species that store energy and have multiyear life-cycles
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
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