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    IS there any risk of allergic reaction in creno-cosmetology?

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    High content of salts, which prevents the growth of pathogen microorganisms, is the main hallmark of mineral waters. This feature gives mineral waters and muds useful, long-duration self-preservative properties which allow for their utilization in both cosmetology and dermatology (as vehicles of pharmacological agents). As concerns cosmetology, broad possibilities of application of mineral waters have long been recognized, which are based on the eudermic properties of salts, the radioactive power of solutions and the bio-activating charge of suspendend colloidal substances. It is well know that the overall incidence of untoward effects from cosmetics is low and a thorough literature review did not detected any report of irritant/allergic reactions to mineral water-derived cosmetics. Considering the ever-increasing use of 'creno-cosmetics', these circumstances might be explained as follows: 1) so far, the problem has not aroused medical concern: or 2) cases have been overlooked or misdiagnosed; or 3) creno-cosmetics have no irritant/sensitizing potential

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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