1,720,961 research outputs found
Energy Transitions and Regional integration in South America
No full textSouth American countries have very different energy mixes but, with the exception of Brazil, these are not very diversified. The dependence on fossil fuels remains strong even in this continent rich in agricultural and other energy resources. In this sense, diversification possibilities are wide. States are concerned about new energy sources promotion, but there is no shared vision of a common energy future. On the contrary, integration is rather seen as a means to ensure the existing functioning by limited exchanges, rather than as a genuine transition instrument.Fil: Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Sociales de América Latina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Velut, Sebastien. Universite de Paris Iii. Centre de Recherch Et de Documentation de L'amerique Latine; Franci
Transición energética y dependencia al sendero: La Patagonia argentina en un nuevo ciclo energético
No full textLes hydrocarbures non conventionnels pourraient prolonger l’utilisation des combustibles fossiles en contradiction avec les projets de transition énergétique vers les renouvelables. Nous analysons cette tension à partir de la notion de dépendance au sentier en examinant l’exploitation des hydrocarbures non conventionnels des gisements de Vaca Muerta (Patagonie argentine). Le gaz a pris une place centrale dans l’approvisionnement énergétique de l’Argentine et ce choix du gaz conditionne les politiques énergétiques. Il amène à favoriser l’exploitation des hydrocarbures non conventionnels, qui reconfigure la région pétrolière de Neuquén, alors que se multiplient les projets d’énergies renouvelables. La dépendance au sentier conditionne la transition énergétique.Unconventional hydrocarbons could prolong the use of fossil fuels and extend plans for an energy transition to renewables. We analyse this contradiction using the notion of path dependence, by examining the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in the Vaca Muerta shale deposits (Argentinia Patagonia). Gas has taken on a central role in Argentina’s energy supply, and this situation affects energy policies. It has led to the development of unconventional hydrocarbons, thereby reconfiguring the Neuquén oil region, while renewable energy projects multiply. Path dependence conditions the energy transition.Los hidrocarburos no convencionales podrían alargar los usos de los combustibles fósiles, en contradicción con los planes de transición energética hacia las energías renovables. Analizamos esta tensión utilizando el concepto de dependencia al sendero, fijándonos en la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales en los yacimientos de Vaca Muerta (Patagonia argentina). El gas ha adquirido un papel central en el abastecimiento energético de Argentina, y esta elección condiciona las políticas energéticas. Se fomenta la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales, lo que está reconfigurando la región petrolera de Neuquén, al tiempo que proliferan los proyectos de energías renovables. La dependencia al sendera se multiplican la transición energética.Fil: Velut, Sebastien. Universite de la Sorbona Nouvelle. Instituto de Hautes Etudes; FranciaFil: Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, María Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Mini-cities : new urban forms in San José (Costa Rica) and Guatemala City (Guatemala)?
Get PDFLes mini-villes sont de nouveaux produits immobiliers dont l'émergence a été identifiée dans les villes d'Amérique centrale depuis le début du 21ème siècle. Ce sont des projets d'initiative privée qui combinent les utilisations mixtes caractéristiques d'une ville, créant un territoire multifonctionnel, matérialisé dans un paysage et une morphologie déterminée par des éléments structurants probablement faisant appel à quelques principes du Nouvel Urbanisme. Ces projets ont la particularité de présenter une diversité de prestation de biens et de services, des fonctions et des relations entre acteurs et espaces urbains. La recherche comparative entre Avenida Escazú (Costa Rica) et Ciudad Cayalá (Guatemala) vérifie la manière dont les projets participent au processus de restructuration urbaine en offrant des options depuis le secteur privéé pour faire face aux défis métropolitains, en introduisant de nouvelles dynamiques socio-économiques, en changeant les centralisations factuelles et symboliques et en modifiant les relations commerciales entre citadins et autres spaces urbaines. Loin de suivre le courant académique qui a critiqué historiquement les typologies commerciales et résidentielles héritées des processus de globalisation, cette recherche ouvre une niche d’études sur les systèmes urbains d’Amérique centrale en introduisant une forme urbaine jamais abordée dans la géographie urbaine de l’isthmeMini-cities are new real-estate products whose emergence has been identified in Central American cities since the beginning of the 21st century. These are projects of private initiative that combine urban mixed uses, creating a multifunctional territory, materialized in a landscape and in a morphology determined by structuring elements that seem to appeal some of the architectural principles of New Urbanism. These projects have the characteristic of presenting diversity in the loan of goods and services, functions and relationships between actors and urban spaces. The comparative research between Avenida Escazú (Costa Rica) and Ciudad Cayalá (Guatemala) verifies how mini-cities are participating in the process of urban restructuring by offering options from the private sector to face the metropolitan challenges, introducing new socio-economic dynamics, modifying factual and symbolic centralities and changing commercial relationships between urbanites and other urban spaces. Far from following the academic current that historically has negatively criticized the commercial and residential typologies inherited from the processes of globalization, this research opens a niche of study in the Central American urban systems by introducing an urban form never before addressed in the urban geography of the Isthmus.Las miniciudades son nuevos productos inmobiliarios cuyo surgimiento se ha identificado en urbes centroamericanas desde inicios del siglo XXI. Son proyectos de iniciativa privada que combinan los usos mixtos propios de una ciudad, creando un territorio polifuncional, materializado en un paisaje y en una morfología determinada por elementos estructuradores que parecen apelar a algunos principios arquitectónicos del Nuevo Urbanismo. Estos proyectos tienen la característica de brindar diversidad en el préstamo de bienes y servicios, funciones y relaciones entre actores y espacios urbanos. La investigación comparativa entre Avenida Escazú (Costa Rica) y Ciudad Cayalá (Guatemala) verifica cómo los proyectos están participando del proceso de reestructuración urbana, al ofrecer opciones de inversión privada frente a los desafíos metropolitanos, introduciendo nuevas dinámicas socioeconómicas, modificando las centralidades fácticas y simbólicas y contribuyendo a cambiar las relaciones comerciales entre los urbanitas y otros espacios urbanos. Lejos de seguir la corriente académica que históricamente ha denostado las tipologías comerciales y residenciales heredadas de los procesos de globalización, esta investigación abre un nicho de estudio en los sistemas urbanos centroamericanos, al reflexionar sobre una forma urbana nunca antes abordada en la geografía urbana del istmoUniversidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Geografí
Gas from Argentina, realities and fictions in forking paths
Get PDFArgentina busca poner en valor hidrocarburos no convencionales en NorPatagonia, los que pueden contribuir a paliar los déficits energéticos y fortalecer los sistemas existentes. Implica la reactivación de lugares productivos y aprovecha recursos estratégicos para las matrices energéticas argentina y mundial. Al mismo tiempo, en el país, se apalanca la explotación de fuentes renovables. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar acerca de los procesos de transición energética y la dependencia a los sistemas tradicionales. Se busca comprender la (re)configuración del espacio a distintas escalas -local, regional y nacional- y cómo interactúan las nuevas organizaciones productivas, con las heredadas. La explotación de gas no convencional en la región NorPatagónica, ejemplifica cómo se refuerza la dependencia a los sistemas tradicionales, a la vez que se apuesta a la innovación, con proyectos que muchas veces no se concretan. La realidad de los senderos consolidados y sus bifurcaciones contrasta con numerosas ficciones que se crean en torno a los recursos energéticos.Argentina attempts to valorize unconventional hydrocarbons in North Patagonia which may contribute to tackling energy deficits and strengthening existing systems. Doing so entails the reactivation of productive spaces and the leveraging of strategic resources for both global and national energy mixes. At the same time, in the country, the exploitation of renewable energy resources is promoted. This paper seeks to reflect on the energy transition processes and the dependence on traditional systems. The aim is to understand the (re)configuration of space at different scales -local, regional and national-, and the interaction between new and inherited productive organizations. The exploitation of unconventional gas in the Argentinian North Patagonian region exemplifies how the dependence on traditional systems is strengthened while the bet is on innovation through projects which are often not completed. The facts about consolidated paths and their forks contrast with a wealth of fiction surrounding energy resources.Fil: Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Velut, Sebastien. Universite de Paris III. Institut des Hautes Etudes de L?Amérique Latine; FranciaFil: Villalba, María Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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