1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Decoding the regulatory grammar of hematopoiesis using synthetic enhancers
No full textDuring cellular differentiation, gene regulatory elements (GREs) play a crucial role in converting expression gradients of transcription factors (TF) into precise target gene activation. However, the underlying rules are poorly understood. In particular, the complexity of regulatory DNA sequences makes it challenging to understand the underlying cis-regulatory principles of how the DNA sequences generates a specific activity pattern. In this work, we functionally characterized 62,126 synthetic DNA sequences to dissect the design principles of cell-state-specific enhancers within the context of hematopoietic differentiation. We quantify the synthetic enhancers in seven myeloid cell states using an ex vivo differentiation system. In addition, we record their activity in the K562 cancer cell line. We assessed the activity of 38 individual TFs and their pairwise interactions in a cell-state-specific manner. Our analysis demonstrated that identical TF binding sites could act as either repressors or activators depending on cellular context, binding site combinations, and TF occupancy. Moreover, combinations of activating sites frequently neutralized each other or even gained repressive function, a phenomenon observed in primary hematopoiesis but not in leukemia cells. These negative synergies play a crucial role in converting TF expression imbalances into binary gene expression outcomes, offering a new understanding of how lineage-specific gene regulation is encoded in GREs. This knowledge can be harnessed to design synthetic enhancers with tailored activity for specific stages of blood cell differentiation.Durant la diferenciació cel·lular, els elements reguladors del gens (GREs) tenen un paper crucial en convertir els gradients d'expressió dels factors de transcripció (TF) en l’activació precisa dels gens que regulen. Tanmateix, les regles subjacents són poc conegudes. En particular, la complexitat de les seqüències de l’ADN regulador fa que sigui difícil entendre els principis cis-reguladors que expliquen com les seqüències d'ADN generen un patró d'activitat específic. En aquesta tesi, hem caracteritzat funcionalment 62.126 seqüències d'ADN sintètic per disseccionar els principis que dissenyen els potenciadors específics als estat cel·lulars en el context de la diferenciació hematopoètica. Hem quantificat els potenciadors sintètics en set estats cel·lulars mieloides utilitzant un sistema de diferenciació ex vivo. A més, hem registrat la seva activitat en la línia cel·lular cancerosa K562. Hem avaluat l'activitat de 38 TFs individuals i les seves interaccions per parelles de manera específica per a cada estat cel·lular. Els nostres anàlisis demostren que llocs d'unió de TFs idèntics poden actuar com a repressors o activadors segons el context cel·lular, les combinacions dels llocs d'unió i l'ocupació dels TFs. A més, les combinacions de llocs activadors sovint es neutralitzen entre si o fins i tot adquireixen funció repressora, un fenomen observat en l'hematopoesi primària però no en les cèl·lules leucèmiques. Aquestes sinergies negatives tenen un paper crucial en la conversió dels desequilibris d'expressió dels TFs en resultats binaris d'expressió gènica, oferint una nova comprensió de com la regulació dels gens està codificada en els GREs de manera específica per cada llinatge. Aquest coneixement pot ser utilitzat per dissenyar potenciadors sintètics amb l’activitat adequada per a les etapes específiques de la diferenciació de les cèl·lules sanguínies.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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