1,721,033 research outputs found
Mental disorders in obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome
No full textObjective: The authors sought to evaluate lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in patients affected by metabolic syndrome compared with patients affected by central obesity alone.
Methods: One hundred eighty-six (63.5%) patients affected by central obesity and 107 (36.5%) affected by metabolic syndrome according to ICF criteria were interviewed by means of SCID I and SCID II.
Results: Axis I and axis II lifetime prevalence were respectively 53.8% and 30.1% among patients with central obesity, 50.5% and 28% among patients with metabolic syndrome, differences which were not significant. No statistically significant differences were found between groups as far as each single axis I and II diagnostic category was considered.
Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is not associated with a higher risk of mental disorders compared to central obesity alone
Mechanisms of regulation of the food intake: recent advances
No full textThe mechanisms deputed to energetic control have been selected by ancestral diets resulting from the nutrient disposal during the evolution. Discovery of the leptin and its downstream peptidergic pathways has increased our understanding of the physiological system that regulate food intake in the last decade. Hypothalamus plays a key role in the regulation of the peripheral and central signals of energy requirements. Insulin and leptin, that reflect the adipose status, are able to long term influence these circuits. Gut hormones acutely modulated the pathways, resulting in a stimulation effects by ghreline, or in a inhibition effects by PYY and oxintomoduline. Moreover, brain centres signal energy homeostasis by monoamine release and endocannabinoid system. This review discusses the network of neuronal and hormonal signals, which contribute to the energetic control
RELATIONSHIP OF THE INCREASED SERUM INTERLEUKIN-6 CONCENTRATION TO CHANGES OF THYROID-FUNCTION IN NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS
No full textMental disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome. The key role of central obesity
No full textBACKGROUND: The Authors sought to evaluate current prevalence of mental disorders in patients affected by metabolic syndrome compared with patients affected by central obesity alone. METHODS: 186 (63.5%) patients affected by central obesity and 107 (36.5%) affected by metabolic syndrome according to ICF criteria were interviewed by means of SCID I. RESULTS: Axis I current prevalence was respectively 45.7% and 44.9% among patients with central obesity and patients with metabolic syndrome, differences which were not significant. No statistically significant differences were found between groups as far as each single axis I diagnostic category was concerned. Moreover, current prevalence of any axis I, anxiety and mood disorders were independent of the number of components of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: metabolic syndrome is associated to an higher risk for current mental disorders, which seems to be mainly due to the strong association of central obesity to psychopathology
Heart Rate Response to a Training Session with Pilates Exercises in Overweight Pre-Diabetic Women
No full textPhysical activity and nutrition are major determinants of health and quality of life and exercise enhances insulin sensitivity and opposes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Today, researchers continue in their efforts to understand how new exercise techniques might impact body composition in humans.
PURPOSE: To estimate the heart rate (HR) response during different phases of a training session (TS) in a group of conditioned overweight pre-diabetic individuals.
METHODS. A sample of 9 overweight pre-diabetic women (47.3±12.7 years; Body Mass Index, 28.3±1.7 kg/m2) completed the acute training protocol (TP) as follows: 30 minutes (min) of walking (W) activity (60-69%HRmax), 7 min of flexibility exercise (FE), 3 min of Interval Training (IT) (running plus 15 sec of static exercise) and 12 min of Pilates Circuit Training (PCT) on mat.
The PCT was composed by 10 sets of Pilates exercises (3 static and 7 dynamic sets performed for 15 seconds) separated by 15 sec of passive recovery. The HR (bpm) and the intensity of PA (work load) were estimated during the different phases using the Polar® Team2 Pro Heart Rate Monitoring System.
RESULTS. The total work load was 69.6±12.4 and the HR during the TS ranged from 63.3±8.5 bpm to 197.6±12.4 bpm. The HR during the W phase was for the 54% of the time included in the range of 60-69% of the HR max, with HR peak of 155±11.0 bpm and a mean work load of 35±5.4. The HR during the IT phase was for the 70% of the time included in the range of 70-89% of the HR max, with HR peak of 156±6.3 bpm and a mean work load of 7.6±1.4. Finally, the HR during the PCT phase was for the 52% of the time included in the range of 60-69% of the HR max, with HR peak of 128±8.0 bpm and a mean work load of 10.6±5.4
CONCLUSIONS. The adopted TP with Pilates exercises seems to be adequate to produce good training load, in term of HR response, for overweight pre-diabetic women
Heart Rate Response to a Training Session with Pilates Exercises in Overweight Pre-Diabetic Women
No full textPhysical activity and nutrition are major determinants of health and quality of life and exercise
enhances insulin sensitivity and opposes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Today,
researchers continue in their efforts to understand how new exercise techniques might impact body
composition in humans.
PURPOSE: To estimate the heart rate (HR) response during different phases of a training session
(TS) in a group of conditioned overweight pre-diabetic individuals.
METHODS. A sample of 9 overweight pre-diabetic women (47.3±12.7 years; Body Mass Index,
28.3±1.7 kg/m2) completed the acute training protocol (TP) as follows: 30 minutes (min) of
walking (W) activity (60-69%HRmax), 7 min of flexibility exercise (FE), 3 min of Interval Training
(IT) (running plus 15 sec of static exercise) and 12 min of Pilates Circuit Training (PCT) on mat.
The PCT was composed by 10 sets of Pilates exercises (3 static and 7 dynamic sets performed for
15 seconds) separated by 15 sec of passive recovery. The HR (bpm) and the intensity of PA (work
load) were estimated during the different phases using the Polar® Team2 Pro Heart Rate
Monitoring System.
RESULTS. The total work load was 69.6±12.4 and the HR during the TS ranged from 63.3±8.5
bpm to 197.6±12.4 bpm. The HR during the W phase was for the 54% of the time included in the
range of 60-69% of the HR max, with HR peak of 155±11.0 bpm and a mean work load of 35±5.4.
The HR during the IT phase was for the 70% of the time included in the range of 70-89% of the HR
max, with HR peak of 156±6.3 bpm and a mean work load of 7.6±1.4. Finally, the HR during the
PCT phase was for the 52% of the time included in the range of 60-69% of the HR max, with HR
peak of 128±8.0 bpm and a mean work load of 10.6±5.4
CONCLUSIONS. The adopted TP with Pilates exercises seems to be adequate to produce good
training load, in term of HR response, for overweight pre-diabetic women
Obesity, alexithymia and psychopathology: A case-control study
No full textOBJECTIVE:
The relationship between psychopathology and alexithymia in obese patients is uncertain. The present study was performed to evaluate this relationship in a clinical sample of patients attending a centre for the diagnosis and treatment of obesity compared to a matched sample of non-obese subjects.
METHODS:
293 consecutive obese patients (48 males, 245 females, mean age 45, 41±13.55 yrs; mean BMI 35.60±6.20) were compared with a control group made of 293 non-obese subjects (48 males, 245 females, mean age 45, 66±13.86 yrs; mean BMI 21.8±2.06); all subjects were interviewed by means of SCID I and SCID II together with several self-evaluation instruments including the TAS-20 (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and SCL-90 (Symptom Check List, Revised).
RESULTS:
Alexithymia was significantly more frequent among obese patients compared to "normal" controls (12.9% vs 6.9%, p=0.010); moreover obese patients achieved significantly higher mean scores on subscales 1 and 2 and on overall scale of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale; comorbidity with axis I/II disorders, in particular Binge Eating Disorder, was associated with a significantly higher frequency of alexithymic traits and higher scores at TAS.
CONCLUSIONS:
Alexithymia and psychopathology are strongly correlated among obese patients seeking treatment. Routine evaluation of personality traits and comorbid psychopathology may be relevant in treatment of obesity
THE LACK OF NOCTURNAL SERUM THYROTROPIN SURGE IN PATIENTS WITH NONTOXIC NODULAR GOITER MAY PREDICT THE SUBSEQUENT OCCURRENCE OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
No full textTSH secretion, with particular regard to the nocturnal TSH surge, was evaluated in 115 subjects with nontoxic nodular goiter. All patients were clinically and biochemically euthyroid. After 18-36 months of follow-up (mean, 24 months), hyperthyroidism occurred in 21 (18%; group 1), while the remaining 94 remained euthyroid (82%; group II). The analysis of hormonal data at the time of first observation showed that the 2 groups had similar total and free T4 and T3 serum concentrations. Morning serum TSH values in group I were lower than those in group II patients (0.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 mU/L; P < 0.001); this difference was even more striking for the nocturnal values (0.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.2 mU/L; P < 0.0001); nocturnal values were significantly lower than morning values in group II, but not in group I. The mean peak TSH value after TRH was also significantly reduced in group I (5.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 9.2 +/- 0.7 mU/L; P < 0.001). Morning TSH values in group II did not differ from those in controls (1.3 +/- 0.1 mU/L), whereas nocturnal and TRH-stimulated peak TSH values were slightly but significantly lower. The nocturnal serum TSH values in control subjects were 62-390% higher than morning values. The nocturnal TSH surge was abolished in 18 of 21 (86%) group I patients and in 7 of 94 (8%) group II patients. TRH testing resulted in an absent or blunted TSH response in 5 subjects in group I and 6 in group II. Analysis by the Galen and Gambino predictive model, comparing the abolition of the nocturnal TSH surge and the abnormal TRH test as predictors of the subsequent occurrence of hyperthyroidism, showed that the former had higher sensitivity (86% vs. 24%) and predictivity (72% vs. 45%). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that the evaluation of the nocturnal TSH surge may be useful in identifying patients with nontoxic nodular goiter in whom hyperthyroidism may eventually occur. Patients who lack the nocturnal serum TSH surge are more prone to develop thyroid hyperfunction; their thyroid status should, therefore, be more carefully and frequently monitored
Circulating telopeptide type I is a peripheral marker of thyroid hormone action in hyperthyroidism and during levothyroxine suppressive therapy
No full textThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the clinical performance of serum carboxy-terminal-1-telopeptide (ICTP), a new marker of bone resorption, in identifying peripheral overexposure to thyroid hormones, as compared with serum osteocalcin (OC) and serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Serum ICTP, SHBG, and OC were assayed by specific radioassays in three study groups. Group 1: 50 perimenopausal women on long-term levothyroxine (LT4) suppressive treatment; group 2: 29 women with untreated hyperthyroidism; group 3: 36 normal euthyroid women matched with group 1 patients for age, alcohol, smoking habits, and lifestyle. Serum concentrations of SHBG, ICTP, and OC were markedly increased in hyperthyroid patients, whereas only serum ICTP was slightly but significantly increased in LT4 treated patients. Serum ICTP had higher diagnostic value for hyperthyroidism when compared with SHBG and to OC (sensitivity: 100%, 71%, 55%; accuracy: 97%, 88%, and 76%, respectively). In group 1, increased serum ICTP was observed in 30 of 50 patients, whereas increased SHBG and OC were found only in 11 of 50 (p < .001). Serum free thyroid hormone concentrations correlated with circulating ICTP and SHBG, and the correlation with serum OC was of lower significance. In conclusion, serum ICTP is a sensitive and reliable marker of peripheral thyroid hormone activity at the bone level; its clinical performance is higher than OC and even better than SHBG. Thus, serum ICTP is better than other peripheral markers in monitoring LT4 suppressive therapy in patients at increased risk for osteoporosis such as perimenopausal women
- …
