1,721,016 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Immune-microbe crosstalk : modulation of adaptive immune system by the microbiota and SARS-CoV2
No full textAdaptive immune responses are supported by lymphocytes that are broadly divided into B and T cells, which provide antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, respectively. Adaptive immunity is characterized by a specific pathogen recognition, generation of memory, and regulation of homeostasis. Lymphocytes develop and are activated in the lymphoid organs and can also re-circulate within the tissues. Intestinal Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) occupy the top layers of epithelial barriers and are broadly composed of natural IELs (CD8ααTCRγδ) and induced IELs (CD8αβTCRαβ and CD4TCRαβ). IELs are kept in a heightened but controlled state of activation, have reciprocal interactions with the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and microbiota. There is evidence supporting that IELs contribute to the pathogenesis of gut disorders such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet, the stimuli that control IELs activity and the molecular pathways involved remain unclear.
In the context of a parasite infection, caused by Eimeria vermiformis that infects mouse IECs, induced IELs but not natural IELs are strongly activated. Interestingly, upon treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by E.vermiformis infection, natural IELs proliferation is boosted. This proliferation boost is traced to Grampositive bacteria, the major producers of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate. The hyperproliferative phenotype was also observed in the context of antibiotics and Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS) treatment. However, here just natural IELs got activated and induced IELs were not affected by the treatment. Importantly, the IEL proliferation boost is reversed by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) under antibiotics treatment and infection compared with no FMT.
IELs do not express SCFA receptors but glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is highly expressed by them. Fatty acid and lactate receptors are expressed by intestinal enteroendocrine L cells that produce GLP-1. Interestingly, we found GLP-1 mRNA and serum levels increased upon antibiotics treatment and DSS or E.vermiformis infection. Moreover, administration of Ex-9, a GLP-1 antagonist, reduced natural IELs proliferation. A diverse microbiota composition is important to sustain IELs and maintain their semi-activated state without effector function.
Upon bacterial dysbiosis, especially reduced Gram-positives, natural IELs proliferation is released, and GLP-1 levels are increased.
Currently, we characterise the microbiota complexity via 16S rRNA sequencing to understand the community that is responsible for keeping the natural IELs at the quiet state of activation. In the absence of this community, natural IELs proliferation is released, which could lead to gut inflammation, such as seen in IBD. Therefore, by manipulating the microbiota composition, the importance of specific bacteria and/or bacterial products that influence natural IELs activation and function will be addressed. This way, it will be possible to control the proliferation and activation of these cells to restore gut homeostasis.
On December 2019 a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified from an outbreak in Wuhan, China, being responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. In Portugal, the first case was reported in March 2020. In April 2020, we started working to understand the spreading of the virus, to identify those who are and were infected, and to follow the immune response longitudinally. We created a reliable and robust assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection and immunological monitoring. We designed an Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay to quantify IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the Spike (S) protein. We described the meticulous setup to monitor the humoral immune response of over 300 COVID-19 hospital patients and healthcare workers, 2500 University staff, and 198 post-COVID-19 volunteers. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a classic pattern of antibody responses with a rapid increase within the first three weeks after symptoms. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies reduced in titres, although remaining robust with confirmed neutralization activity for up to 6 months in a large proportion of previously virus-positive screened individuals. Our work provides detailed information for the assays used, facilitating longitudinal analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, it highlights a continued level of circulating neutralising antibodies in most people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2.As respostas imunes adaptativas são suportadas por linfócitos que são compostos por células B e T, que promovem respostas imunes humorais ou celulares, respetivamente. A imunidade adaptativa é caracterizada pelo reconhecimento específico de um patógeno, geração de memória e regulação da homeostase. Os linfócitos desenvolvem-se e são ativados nos órgãos linfoides e também podem re- circular dentro dos tecidos. Os linfócitos intestinais intraepiteliais (IELs) ocupam as camadas superiores das barreiras epiteliais e são compostos por IELs naturais (CD8ααTCRγδ) e IELs induzidas (CD8αβTCRαβ e CD4TCRαβ). As IELs são mantidas num estado de ativação de “alerta”, mas controlado, e têm interações recíprocas com as células epiteliais intestinais (IECs) e a microbiota. Há evidências de que as IELs contribuem para a patogénese de distúrbios intestinais, como doença celíaca e doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). No entanto, os estímulos que controlam a atividade das IELs e as vias moleculares envolvidas permanecem por revelar. No contexto de uma infeção parasitária, causada por Eimeria vermiformis que infecta as IECs de ratinho, as IELs induzidas, mas não as IELs naturais, são fortemente ativadas. Curiosamente, após o tratamento com antibióticos de largo espectro, seguido de infeção por E. vermiformis, a proliferação das IELs naturais estava aumentada. Este impulso de proliferação é observado aquando da eliminação das bactérias Gram-positivas, as principais produtoras de ácidos gordos de cadeia curta (SCFA) e lactato. O fenótipo hiperproliferativo também foi observado no contexto de antibióticos e tratamento com Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS). No entanto, apenas as IELs naturais foram ativadas e as IELs induzidas não foram afetadas pelo tratamento. É importante ressaltar que o aumento da proliferação das IELs foi revertido com um transplante fecal de microbiota (FMT), após tratamento com antibióticos e infeção em comparação com o grupo sem FMT. As IELs não expressam recetores de SCFA, mas expressam o recetor do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon 1 (GLP-1R). Os recetores de ácidos gordos e lactato são expressos por células intestinais enteroendócrinas L que produzem GLP-1. Encontrámos mRNA e níveis séricos de GLP-1 aumentados após tratamento com antibióticos e infeção por E. vermiformis ou procedimento com DSS. Além disso, a administração de Ex-9, um antagonista de GLP-1, reduziu a proliferação de IELs naturais. Uma composição diversificada da microbiota é importante para sustentar as IELs e manter seu estado semi-activado sem função efectora. Após a disbiose bacteriana, especialmente a redução de bactérias Gram- positivas, a proliferação de IELs naturais é emancipada e os níveis de GLP-1 estão aumentados. Num futuro próximo, iremos caracterizar a microbiota através de sequenciação de 16S rRNA para compreender a complexidade da comunidade que é responsável por manter as IELs naturais no estado silencioso de ativação. Na ausência dessa comunidade, a proliferação das IELs naturais é amplificada, o que pode levar à inflamação intestinal, como a observada na DII. Portanto, ao manipular a composição da microbiota, será abordada a importância de bactérias específicas e/ou produtos bacterianos que influenciam a ativação e função das IELs naturais. Dessa forma, será possível controlar a proliferação e ativação dessas células para restaurar a homeostase intestinal. Em dezembro de 2019, um novo vírus, o coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), foi identificado pela primeira vez num surto em Wuhan, China, sendo responsável pela pandemia de COVID-19. Em Portugal, o primeiro caso foi notificado em março de 2020. Em abril de 2020, começámos a trabalhar para perceber a propagação do vírus, para detetar quem está e quem foi infetado, e para acompanhar longitudinalmente a resposta imunitária. Assim, criámos um sistema fiável e robusto para a deteção de anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 para monitoramento imunológico. Projetamos um ensaio de Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) para quantificar anticorpos IgM, IgG e IgA contra o domínio de ligação ao recetor SARS-CoV-2 (RBD) ou a proteína Spike (S). Monitorizamos a resposta imune humoral de mais de 300 pacientes hospitalares e profissionais de saúde com COVID-19, 2.500 funcionários da universidade e 198 voluntários pós-COVID-19. A infeção por SARS-CoV-2 induziu um padrão clássico de respostas de anticorpos com um rápido aumento nas primeiras três semanas após os sintomas. Anticorpos IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 diminuíram em título, embora tenham permanecido robustos com atividade de neutralização confirmada por até 6 meses numa grande proporção de indivíduos previamente triados com vírus positivo. O nosso trabalho fornece informações detalhadas sobre o ensaio, facilitando a análise longitudinal da imunidade protetora ao SARS-CoV-2. É importante ressaltar que o estudo destaca um nível contínuo de anticorpos neutralizantes circulantes na maioria das pessoas com SARS-CoV-2 confirmado
Immune-microbe crosstalk : modulation of adaptive immune system by the microbiota and SARS-CoV2
No full textAdaptive immune responses are supported by lymphocytes that are broadly divided into B and T cells, which provide antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, respectively. Adaptive immunity is characterized by a specific pathogen recognition, generation of memory, and regulation of homeostasis. Lymphocytes develop and are activated in the lymphoid organs and can also re-circulate within the tissues. Intestinal Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) occupy the top layers of epithelial barriers and are broadly composed of natural IELs (CD8ααTCRγδ) and induced IELs (CD8αβTCRαβ and CD4TCRαβ). IELs are kept in a heightened but controlled state of activation, have reciprocal interactions with the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and microbiota. There is evidence supporting that IELs contribute to the pathogenesis of gut disorders such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet, the stimuli that control IELs activity and the molecular pathways involved remain unclear.
In the context of a parasite infection, caused by Eimeria vermiformis that infects mouse IECs, induced IELs but not natural IELs are strongly activated. Interestingly, upon treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by E.vermiformis infection, natural IELs proliferation is boosted. This proliferation boost is traced to Grampositive bacteria, the major producers of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate. The hyperproliferative phenotype was also observed in the context of antibiotics and Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS) treatment. However, here just natural IELs got activated and induced IELs were not affected by the treatment. Importantly, the IEL proliferation boost is reversed by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) under antibiotics treatment and infection compared with no FMT.
IELs do not express SCFA receptors but glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is highly expressed by them. Fatty acid and lactate receptors are expressed by intestinal enteroendocrine L cells that produce GLP-1. Interestingly, we found GLP-1 mRNA and serum levels increased upon antibiotics treatment and DSS or E.vermiformis infection. Moreover, administration of Ex-9, a GLP-1 antagonist, reduced natural IELs proliferation. A diverse microbiota composition is important to sustain IELs and maintain their semi-activated state without effector function.
Upon bacterial dysbiosis, especially reduced Gram-positives, natural IELs proliferation is released, and GLP-1 levels are increased.
Currently, we characterise the microbiota complexity via 16S rRNA sequencing to understand the community that is responsible for keeping the natural IELs at the quiet state of activation. In the absence of this community, natural IELs proliferation is released, which could lead to gut inflammation, such as seen in IBD. Therefore, by manipulating the microbiota composition, the importance of specific bacteria and/or bacterial products that influence natural IELs activation and function will be addressed. This way, it will be possible to control the proliferation and activation of these cells to restore gut homeostasis.
On December 2019 a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified from an outbreak in Wuhan, China, being responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. In Portugal, the first case was reported in March 2020. In April 2020, we started working to understand the spreading of the virus, to identify those who are and were infected, and to follow the immune response longitudinally. We created a reliable and robust assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection and immunological monitoring. We designed an Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay to quantify IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the Spike (S) protein. We described the meticulous setup to monitor the humoral immune response of over 300 COVID-19 hospital patients and healthcare workers, 2500 University staff, and 198 post-COVID-19 volunteers. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a classic pattern of antibody responses with a rapid increase within the first three weeks after symptoms. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies reduced in titres, although remaining robust with confirmed neutralization activity for up to 6 months in a large proportion of previously virus-positive screened individuals. Our work provides detailed information for the assays used, facilitating longitudinal analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, it highlights a continued level of circulating neutralising antibodies in most people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2.As respostas imunes adaptativas são suportadas por linfócitos que são compostos por células B e T, que promovem respostas imunes humorais ou celulares, respetivamente. A imunidade adaptativa é caracterizada pelo reconhecimento específico de um patógeno, geração de memória e regulação da homeostase. Os linfócitos desenvolvem-se e são ativados nos órgãos linfoides e também podem re- circular dentro dos tecidos. Os linfócitos intestinais intraepiteliais (IELs) ocupam as camadas superiores das barreiras epiteliais e são compostos por IELs naturais (CD8ααTCRγδ) e IELs induzidas (CD8αβTCRαβ e CD4TCRαβ). As IELs são mantidas num estado de ativação de “alerta”, mas controlado, e têm interações recíprocas com as células epiteliais intestinais (IECs) e a microbiota. Há evidências de que as IELs contribuem para a patogénese de distúrbios intestinais, como doença celíaca e doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). No entanto, os estímulos que controlam a atividade das IELs e as vias moleculares envolvidas permanecem por revelar. No contexto de uma infeção parasitária, causada por Eimeria vermiformis que infecta as IECs de ratinho, as IELs induzidas, mas não as IELs naturais, são fortemente ativadas. Curiosamente, após o tratamento com antibióticos de largo espectro, seguido de infeção por E. vermiformis, a proliferação das IELs naturais estava aumentada. Este impulso de proliferação é observado aquando da eliminação das bactérias Gram-positivas, as principais produtoras de ácidos gordos de cadeia curta (SCFA) e lactato. O fenótipo hiperproliferativo também foi observado no contexto de antibióticos e tratamento com Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS). No entanto, apenas as IELs naturais foram ativadas e as IELs induzidas não foram afetadas pelo tratamento. É importante ressaltar que o aumento da proliferação das IELs foi revertido com um transplante fecal de microbiota (FMT), após tratamento com antibióticos e infeção em comparação com o grupo sem FMT. As IELs não expressam recetores de SCFA, mas expressam o recetor do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon 1 (GLP-1R). Os recetores de ácidos gordos e lactato são expressos por células intestinais enteroendócrinas L que produzem GLP-1. Encontrámos mRNA e níveis séricos de GLP-1 aumentados após tratamento com antibióticos e infeção por E. vermiformis ou procedimento com DSS. Além disso, a administração de Ex-9, um antagonista de GLP-1, reduziu a proliferação de IELs naturais. Uma composição diversificada da microbiota é importante para sustentar as IELs e manter seu estado semi-activado sem função efectora. Após a disbiose bacteriana, especialmente a redução de bactérias Gram- positivas, a proliferação de IELs naturais é emancipada e os níveis de GLP-1 estão aumentados. Num futuro próximo, iremos caracterizar a microbiota através de sequenciação de 16S rRNA para compreender a complexidade da comunidade que é responsável por manter as IELs naturais no estado silencioso de ativação. Na ausência dessa comunidade, a proliferação das IELs naturais é amplificada, o que pode levar à inflamação intestinal, como a observada na DII. Portanto, ao manipular a composição da microbiota, será abordada a importância de bactérias específicas e/ou produtos bacterianos que influenciam a ativação e função das IELs naturais. Dessa forma, será possível controlar a proliferação e ativação dessas células para restaurar a homeostase intestinal. Em dezembro de 2019, um novo vírus, o coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), foi identificado pela primeira vez num surto em Wuhan, China, sendo responsável pela pandemia de COVID-19. Em Portugal, o primeiro caso foi notificado em março de 2020. Em abril de 2020, começámos a trabalhar para perceber a propagação do vírus, para detetar quem está e quem foi infetado, e para acompanhar longitudinalmente a resposta imunitária. Assim, criámos um sistema fiável e robusto para a deteção de anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 para monitoramento imunológico. Projetamos um ensaio de Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) para quantificar anticorpos IgM, IgG e IgA contra o domínio de ligação ao recetor SARS-CoV-2 (RBD) ou a proteína Spike (S). Monitorizamos a resposta imune humoral de mais de 300 pacientes hospitalares e profissionais de saúde com COVID-19, 2.500 funcionários da universidade e 198 voluntários pós-COVID-19. A infeção por SARS-CoV-2 induziu um padrão clássico de respostas de anticorpos com um rápido aumento nas primeiras três semanas após os sintomas. Anticorpos IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 diminuíram em título, embora tenham permanecido robustos com atividade de neutralização confirmada por até 6 meses numa grande proporção de indivíduos previamente triados com vírus positivo. O nosso trabalho fornece informações detalhadas sobre o ensaio, facilitando a análise longitudinal da imunidade protetora ao SARS-CoV-2. É importante ressaltar que o estudo destaca um nível contínuo de anticorpos neutralizantes circulantes na maioria das pessoas com SARS-CoV-2 confirmado
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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