1,721,015 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Defining dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine resistance pathways in the malaria parasite
Full text linkDissertação de mestrado em Ciências da SaúdeA terapia combinada à base de artemisinina (ACT) é o atual tratamento de primeira linha para
a malária não complicada causada por Plasmodium falciparum. Neste tratamento de 3 dias, um derivado
de artemisinina altamente eficiente, mas de ação rápida, é suplementado com uma droga de ação lenta
e funcionalmente distinta para eliminar os parasitas restantes. Uma destas combinações é a
dihidroartemisinina-piperaquina (DHA-PPQ), comumente implantada no Sudeste Asiático. Tal como
acontece com outros antimaláricos, desenvolveu-se tolerância a esta combinação, ameaçando tanto o
controlo como a profilaxia desta doença nesta região. Existem também preocupações crescentes
relativamente à propagação desta tolerância a África, onde ocorrem 96% das mortes por malária.
A nível molecular, a tolerância à artemisinina está associada a polimorfismos de nucleótido
único no gene pfk13 de Plasmodium falciparum. Este gene codifica a proteína K13, uma proteína
sinalizadora por ubiquitinação envolvida na regulação de várias vias do parasita, como a endocitose e o
tráfego celular da hemoglobina dos eritrócitos do hospedeiro. Entre outros efeitos, estas mutações
demonstraram diminuir a endocitose de hemoglobina pelo parasita. Como as artemisininas dependem
do heme livre gerado durante a degradação da hemoglobina (como fonte de nutrientes para o parasita)
para a sua ativação, estes mutantes apresentam ativação reduzida da droga, o que consequentemente
diminui a eficácia do tratamento. A tolerância à piperaquina está associada a um aumento no número
de cópias do gene pfpm2, que codifica as plasmepsinas II, proteases aspárticas envolvidas na
degradação da hemoglobina. A sobre-expressão do gene pfpm2 pode aliviar o custo de fitness associado
à degradação da hemoglobina resultante das mutações no gene pfk13. A combinação do número de
cópias pfpm2 com SNPs no pfk13 foi encontrada em isolados clínicos, no entanto, o mecanismo exato
e as implicações subjacentes a esta combinação ainda não são claros.
Para obter um conhecimento mais profundo acerca destes marcadores moleculares de
resistência e para explorar a potencial interação entre eles no aumento da resposta do parasita sob
pressão seletiva das drogas, utilizamos o sistema CRISPR-Cas9 como uma ferramenta de engenharia
genética. O nosso objetivo foi gerar linhas de parasitas recombinantes que combinassem SNPs no pfk13
e duplicações de pfpm2. No entanto, encontramos vários desafios durante a geração destes
recombinantes e exploramos várias opções e alternativas para a solução destes problemas. O resultado
da análise da resposta às drogas, do catabolismo da hemoglobina e do custo de fitness pode levar à
revelação da complexa interação entre os fatores de resistência a DHA e a PPQ e à base molecular da
resistência a múltiplas drogas.Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) isthe current first-line treatment for uncomplicated
malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In this 3-day treatment, a highly efficient yet fast-acting
artemisinin derivative is combined with a slow-acting and functionally distinct partner- drug to clear out
the remaining parasites. One of these combinations is dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PPQ),
commonly deployed in Southeast Asia. Similarly to other antimalarials, tolerance has developed for this
combination, threatening both the control and prophylaxis of this disease in this region. There are also
increasing concerns regarding the spread of this tolerance to Africa, where 96% of malaria deaths take
place.
On a molecular level, artemisinin tolerance is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in Plasmodium falciparum’s pfk13 gene, which encodes for the K13 protein, an ubiquitin
signaling protein involved in the regulation of a multitude of pathways such as endocytosis and cellular
trafficking of host hemoglobin. Among other effects, these mutations have shown to decrease hemoglobin
uptake by the parasite. Because artemisinins rely on free heme generated during hemoglobin
degradation (as a source of nutrients for the parasite) for their activation, these mutants experience
reduced drug activation, which consequently decreases treatment effectiveness. Piperaquine tolerance
is associated with an increased gene copy number of pfpm2, encoding for plasmepsins II, aspartic
proteases involved in hemoglobin degradation. The overexpression of pfpm2 might alleviate the fitness
cost associated with hemoglobin degradation resulting from K13 mutations. The combination of pfpm2
copy number with K13 SNPs has been found in clinical isolates, however, the exact mechanism and
implications underlying this combination are still unclear.
To gain deeper insights into these molecular markers of resistance and explore the potential
interaction between them in enhancing the parasite’s drug response under selective drug pressure, we
designed and employed the CRISPR-Cas9 system as a genetic engineering tool. Our objective was to
generate recombinant parasite lines that combine pfk13 SNPs and pfpm2 duplications. However, we
encountered several challenges during the generation of these recombinants and explored various
troubleshooting options. The output of the analysis of drug response, hemoglobin catabolism and fitness
cost can lead to the unveiling of the complex crosstalk among DHA and PPQ resistant factors and the
molecular basis of multi-drug resistance.The work presented in this thesis was performed in the Life and Health Sciences Research
Institute (ICVS), University of Minho. This work has been funded by National funds, through the
Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) - project UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020 and by the projects, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039 and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER- 085468, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). By 2CA Braga 2020 grant to MIV and a Research Grant 2021 of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) to MIV
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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