1,721,040 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Structure-guided vaccine, antibody and drug discovery
Full text linkThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2022The current pandemic, COVID19, will remain engraved in our history. However, if not the rapid response for vaccine and antibody development has been made from the outset, this wound might be even deeper and more anguished. Advances in mRNA vaccine delivery and pre-fusion spike stabilization were the cornerstones of this success. And this footstone cannot be made without the structure information we gathered in the past several years. Here, I will show how important and necessary the structure information is for facilitating and even initiating vaccine, antibody and drug development. To illustrate this argument, I am going to cover several examples across coronavirus, henipavirus and orthopoxvirus structure studies using CryoEM and CryoET techniques complemented with biochemical and biophysical assays, such as ELISA, BLI and pseudovirus neutralization. The results from these studies are great examples of how structure information can reshape our understanding of diverse biological systems. And for the virology field, these new understandings are so valuable for potential pandemic preparation. If the disaster reemerges, we will never be more prepared by that time
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Properties of coronavirus spike proteins and the antibody responses against them
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024Coronaviruses have a propensity to spillover from zoonotic reservoirs and cause significant morbidity and mortality in the human population. Three coronaviruses emerged and caused significant human outbreaks in recent history: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019. The coronavirus spike protein facilitates viral entry into target cells by engaging the host receptors and fusing the viral and host membrane together. As the primary determinant of viral entry into target cells, the coronavirus spike protein is the target of most vaccines and therapeutics. Antibodies induced by prior infection and vaccination and therapeutics may select for spike protein mutations that evade these antibodies without disrupting the spike protein’s ability to engage the host receptor and mediate membrane fusion. In the following dissertation, I detail a unique mechanism of antibody evasion induced by a mutation in the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. I additionally describe the impact of spike protein mutations observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants on receptor engagement, fusogenicity, and evasion from infection- and vaccine-elicited antibodies. I further examine how updated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulations shape the humoral immune response. Finally, I detail the contribution of spike protein domains and epitopes to the neutralizing activity of convalescent plasma collected from individuals infected with MERS-CoV. Collectively, my work is informing the development of the next generation of coronavirus vaccines and therapeutics
Understanding coronavirus fusion through structure
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2019Two recent coronavirus epidemics highlight the need for vaccine development since no therapeutic currently exists. There are six known human-infecting coronaviruses and many others that can infect livestock and household pets. Viral surveys in bat populations suggest many coronaviruses are poised to cross the species barrier, suggesting future outbreaks are likely. Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses and infection is mediated by a trimeric spike glycoprotein present on the virion surface. The spike proteins are class I fusion proteins, similar to HIV envelope or influenza hemagglutinin, and are the main target of neutralizing antibodies during infection. The viral tropism and ability for the virus to enter cells is determined by the spike protein which undergoes a large conformational change from its pre-fusion state on the viral surface to the post-fusion state following viral and host membrane fusion. The structure and organization of the coronavirus spike protein had not previously been established. In this dissertation, I begin by investigating the architecture of the coronavirus spike protein from various different genus’s and infection hosts. Using state of the art single particle cryo-electron microscopy we were able to solve two near atomic resolution structures of the first beta-coronavirus and alpha-coronavirus spike proteins and elucidate their commonalities and differences. In order to better understand the fusion transition, we also solved the first structure of a beta-coronavirus spike protein in the post-fusion state. Moving forward from these snapshots of coronavirus fusion proteins we wanted to start understanding both how fusion is prevented by the human immune system and also how receptor binding can trigger fusion. We solved the structures of two deadly beta-coronaviruses in complex with potent, neutralizing human antibodies where we learned the interactions necessary for blocking receptor binding and where we also identified a functional mimicking antibody that triggered protein refolding similarly to the native receptor. Finally, we have also been working to understand how glycan (co-)receptors work with coronaviruses, adding another layer of specificity to the challenges of entry. Through this work and the work done by others in the field, we now have a clear picture of coronavirus spike protein structure and are beginning to uncover the mechanisms of coronavirus entry and membrane fusion
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