1,721,421 research outputs found
La produzione scientifica degli psicologi del lavoro e delle organizzazioni in Italia nel decennio 2011-2020: temi, approcci, contesti
No full textAT1 receptor blockade and renal protection
No full textIt is well known that, if there has been sufficient initial damage due to any cause, chronic renal insufficiency usually progresses, even when the original disease is no longer active. Hypertension and proteinuria are the main factors affecting chronic renal insufficiency progression. In the past years, it has been shown that ACE-inhibitors have antihypertensive and antiproteinuric capacity and can also be renoprotective partially independently to these effects. AT1 receptor antagonists (AT1RA) inhibit the renin-angiotensin system by selectively blocking the AT1 subtypes of angiotensin II receptors, without affecting, unlike ACE-inhibitors, bradykinin metabolism. Several experimental studies have confirmed that the acute renal effects of AT1RA on hemodynamics are partially different from ACE-inhibitors, because they do not dramatically reduce the resistance of the efferent arteriole. In non-hemodynamically-based animal models of renal injury, it is still unclear why AT1RA, unlike ACE-inhibitors, are partially ineffective in preserving renal morphology; in other animal models the long- term renoprotective effects of AT1RA are comparable to ACE-inhibitors. The antihypertensive and antiproteinuric effects of AT1RA have been confirmed in humans. However, the clinical impact of this new class of drugs in slowing the rate of chronic renal insufficiency progression needs to be assessed by means of prospective long-term randomized trials which are still ongoing. The hypothesis that AT1RA in association with ACE-inhibitors may allow additive renoprotection is extremely fascinating
ESA, iron therapy and new drugs: Are there new perspectives in the treatment of anaemia?
Full text linkAnemia is a well-known consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD); it is mainly due to a relative insufficiency of erythropoietin synthesis by the failing kidneys. Over the years, the combination of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) and iron has become the standard of care of anemia. All ESAs effectively increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels in a substantial percentage of patients. However, in the last decade, their use has been surrounded by safety issues in increased cardiovascular risk, especially when used at high doses in inflamed and hyporesponsive patients. This has led to the definition of a more cautious Hb target. Iron deficiency is very frequent in CKD patients, with a higher frequency in non-dialysis patients. Traditionally, iron supplementation is mostly used as supportive therapy for anemia control. However, the concept is growing that intravenous iron therapy per se could be beneficial in the presence of heart failure. A new class of drugs, prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitors (PHD inhibitors) is becoming available for the treatment of anemia in CKD patients. Theoretically, these agents have a number of advantages, the main ones being that of stimulating the synthesis of endogenous erythropoietin and increasing iron avail-ability. The impact of their future use in clinical practice is still to be defined. Another possible strategy could be targeting serum hepcidin and its related pathways. This possibility is fascinating from the scientific point of view, but at present its development phase is still far from clinical application
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rassegna: Genetica dell'ipertensione arteriosa essenziale: Ruolo dell'ipertensione arteriosa e dei fattori genetici nella progressione delle glomerulonefriti croniche primitive.
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