1,496 research outputs found
TreeKnit: Inferring ancestral reassortment graphs of influenza viruses
Full text linkWhen two influenza viruses co-infect the same cell, they can exchange genome segments in a process known as reassortment. Reassortment is an important source of genetic diversity and is known to have been involved in the emergence of most pandemic influenza strains. However, because of the difficulty in identifying reassortment events from viral sequence data, little is known about their role in the evolution of the seasonal influenza viruses. Here we introduce TreeKnit, a method that infers ancestral reassortment graphs (ARG) from two segment trees. It is based on topological differences between trees, and proceeds in a greedy fashion by finding regions that are compatible in the two trees. Using simulated genealogies with reassortments, we show that TreeKnit performs well in a wide range of settings and that it is as accurate as a more principled bayesian method, while being orders of magnitude faster. Finally, we show that it is possible to use the inferred ARG to better resolve segment trees and to construct more informative visualizations of reassortments
Climate change mitigation: trade-offs between delay and strength of action required
No full textClimate change mitigation via a reduction in the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principle requirement for reducing global warming, its impacts, and the degree of adaptation required. We present a simple conceptual model of anthropogenic CO2 emissions to highlight the trade off between delay in commencing mitigation, and the strength of mitigation then required to meet specific atmospheric CO2 stabilization targets. We calculate the effects of alternative emission profiles on atmospheric CO2 and global temperature change over a millennial timescale using a simple coupled carbon cycle-climate model. For example, if it takes 50 years to transform the energy sector and the maximum rate at which emissions can be reduced is ?2.5% , delaying action until 2020 would lead to stabilization at 540 ppm. A further 20 year delay would result in a stabilization level of 730 ppm, and a delay until 2060 would mean stabilising at over 1,000 ppm. If stabilization targets are met through delayed action, combined with strong rates of mitigation, the emissions profiles result in transient peaks of atmospheric CO2 (and potentially temperature) that exceed the stabilization targets. Stabilization at 450 ppm requires maximum mitigation rates of ?3% to ?5% , and when delay exceeds 2020, transient peaks in excess of 550 ppm occur. Consequently tipping points for certain Earth system components may be transgressed. Avoiding dangerous climate change is more easily achievable if global mitigation action commences as soon as possible. Starting mitigation earlier is also more effective than acting more aggressively once mitigation has begun. <br/
2000 Commencement Address: G. Timothy Johnson, M.D.
Full text linkTimothy Johnson, M.D., medical editor for ABC News will deliver the principal address and receive an honorary degree at the 154th commencement exercises at the College of the Holy Cross on Friday, May 26, beginning at 10:30 a.m. at Fitton Field.
Johnson, one of the nation’s leading medical communicators of health care information, has provided commentary on medical problems and answers for viewers since 1975. In addition to commentary on Good Morning America, Johnson provides on-air analysis of medical news for World News Tonight, Nightline and 20/20. He consults with ABC News regardingcoverage of medical news. He is also medical editor for WCVB-TV, Channel 5 in Boston.
Johnson holds joint positions in medicine at Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. He is the founding editor of the Harvard Medical School Health Letter and co-editor of the Harvard Medical School Health Letter Book. He is also coeditor of the book, “Your Good Health,” published by Harvard Press, as well as co-author with former US Surgeon General Dr. C. Everett Koop of the book, “Let’s Talk,” published by Zondervan in 1992.
He originally intended to join the ministry and graduated from the North Park Seminary in 1963. Two years later he decided to enter medicine. Johnson, who is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Augustana College, graduated summa cum laude from Albany Medical College and holds a master’s degree in public health from Harvard University. Johnson served as an assisting minister at the Community Covenant Church in West Peabody, Mass.https://crossworks.holycross.edu/commence_address/1012/thumbnail.jp
Evaluating Research Impact through Open Access to Scholarly Communication
Full text linkScientific research is a competitive business – in order to secure funding, promotion and tenure researchers must demonstrate their work has impact in their field. To maximise impact researchers undertake high priority research, aim to get results first, and publish in the highest impact journals. The Internet now presents a new opportunity to the scholarly author seeking higher impact: s/he can now make their work instantly accessible on the Web through author self-archiving. This growing body of open access literature (coupled with new publishing models that make journals available for-free to the reader) maximises research impact by maximising the number of people who can read it, and making it available sooner. Open access also provides a new opportunity for bibliometric research. This thesis describes the relatively recent phenomenon of open access to research literature, tools that were built to collect and analyse that literature, and the results of analyses of the effect of open access and its effect on author behaviour. It shows that articles self-archived by authors receive between 50-250% more citations, that rapid pre-printing on the Web has dramatically reduced the peak citation rate from over a year to virtually instant and how citation-impact – now widely used for evaluation – can be expanded to include a new web metric of download impact
John Wesley and Methodist music in the eighteenth century : principles and practice
Full text linkEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Crisis is governance : sub-prime, the traumatic event, and bare life
Full text linkThe article provides a critical analysis of the role of discourses of trauma and the traumatic event in constituting the ethico-political possibilities and limits of the subprime crisis. It charts the invocation of metaphors of a financial Tsunami and pervasive media focus on
emotional ‘responses’ like fear, anger, and blame, suggesting that such traumatic discourses
constituted the subprime crisis as a singular and catastrophic ‘event’ demanding of particular
(humanitarian) responses. We draw upon the thought of Giorgio Agamben to render this constituted logic of event and response in terms of the concomitant production of bare life; the savers and homeowners who became ‘helpless victims’ in need of rescue. We therefore
tie the ongoing production of the sovereign power of global finance to broader processes that
entail the enfolding and securing of everyday financial subjects. These arguments are illustrated via an analysis of three subjects: the economy, bankers and borrowers. We argue that it was the movement between subject positions – from safe to vulnerable, from
entrepreneurial to greedy, from victim to survivor, etc. - that marked out the effective manner
of governance, confirming in this process sovereign categories of financial citizenship, asset
based welfare, and securitisation that many would posit as the very problem. In short, (the
way that the) crisis (was constituted) is governance
Is the Federal Home Loan Bank system good for banks? a look at evidence on membership, advances and risk
Full text linkSince the early 1990s, commercial banks have turned to Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) advances to plug the gap between loan and deposit growth. Is this trend worrisome? On the one hand, advances implicitly encourage risk by insulating borrowers from market discipline. On the other, advances give borrowers greater flexibility to managing interest rate and liquidity risk. And access to FHLBank funding encourages members to reshape their balance sheets in ways that could lower credit risk. Using quarterly financial and supervisory data for banks from 1992 to 2000, we assess the effect of FHLBank membership and advances on risk. The evidence suggests liquidity and leverage risks rose modestly, but interest-rate risk declined somewhat. Credit risk and overall failure risk were largely unaffected. Although the evidence suggest FHLBank membership and advances have had, at best, only a modest impact on bank risk, we caution that the 1990s constitute one observation and that moral hazard could be pronounced if leverage ratios revert to historical norms.Government-sponsored enterprises ; Federal home loan banks ; Bank liquidity
Book Review: Sun Tzu in Space: What International Relations, History, and Science Fiction Teach Us About Our Future
No full textAuthor: Gregory D. Miller
Reviewed by: Lieutenant Colonel Timothy S. Martin, director, Defense Strategy Course, US Army War College, and Captain Stephanie St. Louis, strategic planner, Office of the Chief of Army Reserve, Fort Belvoir
Sun Tzu in Space combines an examination of history and science fiction to assess what humanity’s future in space could look like through an international relations lens. The reviewer sees it as “a pulse check on the potential for violent future conflicts” and recommends it for policymakers and science fiction enthusiasts alike.
©2025 Timothy G. Martin and Stephanie St. Louishttps://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters_bookshelf/1108/thumbnail.jp
Analysis of watersheds and river systems: short course
Full text linkShort course: Analysis of Watersheds and River Systems, Session I and II, held on May 28-June 1, 1979 and June 4-June 8, 1979 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.Speakers: Dr. E. V. Richardson, Dr. David Duttweiller, Mr. Lee Mulkey, Dr. Stanley A. Schumm, Dr. Daryl B. Simons, Dr. Ross Carder.Includes bibliographical references.This short course is designed for individuals dealing with the analysis of watersheds and rivers. Practical applications concerning physical processes will be emphasized.Chapter 1. General introduction / Daryl B. Simons and Ruh-Ming Li -- Chapter 2. Introduction to watershed and river analysis / Daryl B. Simons and Ruh-Ming Li -- Chapter 3. Physical processes governing response of watersheds and rivers / Daryl B. Simons, Timothy J. Ward and Ruh-Ming Li -- Chapter 4. Sediment transport / H. W. Shen -- Chapter 5. Alluvial bed roughness / H. W. Shen -- Chapter 6. Overview of flood routing methods / Ruh-Ming Li and V. Miguel Ponce -- Chapter 7. Water routing and yield from watersheds, Part I and II / Ruh-Ming Li, Daryl B. Simons, and Kenneth G. Eggert -- Chapter 8. Water routing in rivers / Yung-Hai Chen -- Chapter 9. Stage discharge relations / Robert K. Simons, Ruh-Ming Li, and Daryl B. Simons -- Chapter 10. Watershed sediment yield / Ruh-Ming Li, Daryl B. Simons, and Timothy J. Ward -- Chapter 11. Unsteady sediment routing models in rivers / Yung-Hai Chen and Daryl B. Simons -- Chapter 12. Known discharge sediment routing / Glenn O. Brown and Ruh-Ming Li -- Chapter 13. Landslide potential delineation / Timothy J. Ward, Ruh-Ming Li, and Daryl B. Simons -- Chapter 14. Application of Kalman filtering in watershed and river analysis / Nguyen Duong -- Chapter 15. Handheld calculator programs for analysis / Kenneth G. Eggert, Ruh-Ming Li, and Daryl B. Simons -- Chapter 16. Overview of case studies and data management / Daryl B. Simons, Ruh-Ming Li, and Nguyen Duong -- Chapter 17. Canal and channel design and river response analysis / Daryl B. Simons, Ruh-Ming Li, and Yung-Hai Chen -- Chapter 18. Degradation and aggradation analysis / Ruh-Ming Li and Daryl B. Simons -- Chapter 19. Watershed best management analysis / Ruh-Ming Li, Timothy J. Ward, and Daryl B. Simons -- Chapter 20. Large river basin analysis: Yazoo River Sedimentation Study / Daryl B. Simons and Ruh-Ming Li
Increasing Distributed Generation Penetration using Soft Normally-Open Points
Full text linkThis paper considers the effects of various voltage control solutions on facilitating an increase in allowable levels of distributed generation installation before voltage violations occur. In particular, the voltage control solution that is focused on is the implementation of `soft' normally-open points (SNOPs), a term which refers to power electronic devices installed in place of a normally-open point in a medium-voltage distribution network which allows for control of real and reactive power flows between each end point of its installation sites. While other benefits of SNOP installation are discussed, the intent of this paper is to determine whether SNOPs are a viable alternative to other voltage control strategies for this particular application. As such, the SNOPs ability to affect the voltage profile along feeders within a distribution system is focused on with other voltage control options used for comparative purposes. Results from studies on multiple network models with varying topologies are presented and a case study which considers economic benefits of increasing feasible DG penetration is also given
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