1,721,276 research outputs found
Enhancing the mind: A neuroethical perspective on diverse brain enhancement techniques
Full text linkAdvances in medical science have expanded our ability to manipulate health, extending beyond treating diseases to enhancing cognitive and emotional functions. This practice, known as cosmetic neurology, involves using neurologic interventions and psychotropic drugs to improve brain performance, resilience to stress, and overall mental well-being, even in healthy individuals. While these interventions raise critical ethical concerns—such as issues of authenticity, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—emerging evidence suggests promising alternatives. Non-invasive brain enhancement techniques and experimental biohacking practices, including lifestyle adjustments and technological interventions, offer innovative pathways for cognitive enhancement. However, ethical investigations into these alternatives remain limited. This paper provides a comprehensive neuroethical analysis of invasive and non-invasive enhancement methods, emphasizing the relative advantages of non-drug-based approaches. It argues that non-invasive techniques present a less ethically fraught and more sustainable alternative to psychotropic drugs, positioning them as viable solutions for advancing the field of brain enhancement
Managing brain-hype: Understanding and discriminating overemphasized brain-based allegations
No full textResearch about our brain’s function is today essential for the assessment of the human species and for our self-comprehension. However, since the neuroscientific turn took place in several areas of research such as psychology, philosophy, and AI, the consequential interdisciplinarity this event created gave birth to an important phenomenon that is still in place today: neuro-hype or brain-hype. As a matter of fact, we are increasingly overstimulated by brain-based observations, research, and alleged discoveries. But, how much of this hype around our brains is justified? This is an essential question if we aim to assess and understand neuroscientific research today. Therefore, in this work, we analyze this phenomenon and its outcomes by investigating different topics ranging from newspaper titles to the relationship between brains and research. In addition to that, we discuss several theories such as neuroessentialism that have made an attempt to explain and understand this phenomenon, which has important ethical implications concerning both scientists and society in its entirety
Fracture toughness of plastic-mold steels: dependance upon heat treatment and microstructure
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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