1,720,975 research outputs found
Viivästynyt murrosikä : etiologia, ennustekijät ja kasvuvaikutukset
Full text linkDuring puberty, adolescents achieve reproductive capability and attain adult height. An intact hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial for the normal onset of puberty. Pubertal timing is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but the exact mechanisms that trigger puberty remain elusive. A finding of a paternally-inherited loss-of-function mutation in makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) gene in patients who were diagnosed with central precocious puberty suggests that key genes regulate the central restrain on the HPG axis during childhood, and that the loosening of the restrain precedes the onset of puberty. A variety of diseases can delay puberty, but it is particularly important to early identify the patients who suffer from acquired or congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) which results from the absent or impaired functions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This congenital sex steroid deficiency predisposes to long-term consequences, but very little is known about its role in the modulation of growth during early infancy and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adulthood.
In the first study, circulating MKRN3 levels were measured in boys with idiopathic short stature before and after the onset of puberty. In boys, serum levels of MKRN3 declined faster before than after the clinical onset of puberty.
In the second study, the diagnoses that underlie delayed puberty (DP) were investigated in a large series of patients with delayed puberty examined at the Helsinki University Central Hospital between 2004 and 2014. A multitude of different diagnoses were found to cause DP, albeit constitutional delay of growth puberty (CDGP) was the most common cause in both sexes. Annual growth velocity, a history of prior cryptorchidism, and a positive family history of DP appeared to be useful in the differential diagnosis of DP.
The third study consisted of growth charts of 42 patients with CHH, and evaluated the influence of congenital sex steroid deficiency on growth from birth length to adult height. The boys with CHH experienced a length deflection during the first six months of life (i.e. minipuberty), which was likely to result from deficient testosterone surge during the same period.
In the fourth study, the HRQoL was measured in men with CHH with the generic 15D questionnaire. The men with CHH experienced an impaired HRQoL, especially in the dimensions of depression and distress. The age of diagnosis correlated negatively with HRQoL scores, which emphasize the timely diagnosis of CHH.
In summary, sex steroids modulate growth from early infancy to adulthood. In boys, circulating MKRN3 levels decline before the clinical onset of puberty which supports the current view that MKRN3 is a key regulator of pubertal onset. Many diseases can delay pubertal maturation, but CDGP is the most common cause in Finland. In men, the timely diagnosis of CHH is crucial to avoid the long-term adverse effects of sex steroid deficiency on HRQoL.Murrosiässä nuori siirtyy lapsuudesta aikuisuuteen saavuttaen sukukypsyyden ja aikuispituuden. Murrosiän käynnistymisen ja etenemisen edellytyksenä on normaalisti toimiva hypotalamus-aivolisäke-sukupuolirauhanen-järjestelmä. Sitä, mikä varsinaisesti käynnistää murrosiän, ei kuitenkaan tiedetä. Äskettäin julkaistu havainto, että isältä peritty MKRN3-geenin mutaatio altistaa ennenaikaiselle murrosiälle viittaa siihen, että lapsuusiän keskushermoston estovaikutus murrosiän käynnistymiseen johtuu osin puberteettia säätelevien geenien ilmentymisestä. Tällä hetkellä vain murrosiän käynnistymisen välillisiä vaikutuksia voidaan mitata verenkierrosta, muttei käytössä ole merkkiainetta, joka mittaisi suoraan keskushermoston estovaikutusta murrosiän käynnistymiseen. Monet eri sairaudet voivat viivästyttää murrosikää, mutta erityisen tärkeää olisi löytää ajoissa potilaat, joilla viivästyneen puberteetin syynä on synnynnäinen hypogonadotrooppinen hypogonadismi (HH) eli aivolisäkkeen erittämien gonadotropiinien puutteesta johtuva sukupuolirauhasten vajaatoiminta. HH:n sukupuolihormonivaje altistaa pitkäaikaisille haittavaikutuksille, mutta sen vaikutuksista imeväisiän ja lapsuuden kasvuun sekä terveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun aikuisena tiedetään hyvin vähän.
Tämän väitöskirjan osatyössä raportoitiin ensimmäistä kertaa, että seerumin MKRN3-tasot laskevat pojilla murrosiän käynnistyessä sopien keskushermoston murrosiän estovaikutuksen määrän vähenemiseen. Lisäksi kartoitettiin viivästyneen puberteetin syyt Helsingin yliopistollisen keskussairaalan lastenendokrinologian vastaanotolla vuosien 2004 2014 aikana. Murrosiän viivästymisen taustalta löytyi 30 eri syytä. Työssä havaittiin, että tarkka selvitys aiemmasta sairaushistoriasta, kasvunopeuden arviointi ja kattava kliininen tutkiminen auttavat puberteetin viivästymisen syyn tunnistamisessa. Kolmas väitöskirjan kohdealue oli selvittää sukupuolihormonien vaikutusta kasvuun syntymästä alkaen. Tarkasteltaessa HH-poikien kasvukäyriä havaittiin heidän kasvun hidastuvan jo minipuberteetin eli ensimmäisen puolen vuoden aikana viitaten siihen, että sukupuolihormonit säätelevät kasvua jo imeväisiästä alkaen. Aikuisena HH-miehillä oli heikentynyt terveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu, joka assosioitui korkeampaan HH:n diagnoosi-ikään.
Väitöskirjan osatöiden perusteella todetaan, että HH:n tunnistaminen viivästyneen murrosiän taustalta on tärkeää, koska viivästynyt diagnoosi heikentää terveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua jopa aikuisikään saakka. Lisäksi tulokset painottavat esitietojen ja kliinisen tutkimuksen tärkeyttä selvitettäessä murrosiän viivästymisen syitä, ja tuovat myös uusia työkaluja potilastyöhön.ei saavutettav
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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