1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Rôle des plaquettes dans la physiopathologie du sepsis
Full text linkLe sepsis est défini depuis 2016 comme la présence d'une infection associée à la survenue de dommages tissulaires à distance du foyer infecté. Le choc septique en est une des complications les plus graves. Le sepsis est une pathologie inflammatoire médiée par l'activation du système immun inné avec la reconnaissance par l'hôte de produits microbiens et de signaux de danger par des récepteurs cellulaires spécifiques et l'activation de multiples voies de signalisation cellulaires. Le sepsis entraîne un état d'hypercoagulabilité caractérisé par l'apparition de thrombi dans la microcirculation, de dépôts de fibrine, la formation de NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) et de lésions endothéliales. La formation de thrombi particulièrement dans la microcirculation entraîne un défaut de perfusion des organes. L'inhibition de l'activation plaquettaire réduit les interactions plaquettes-cellules inflammatoires-cellules endothéliales, ce qui théoriquement pourrait bloquer la réaction en cascade entre l'inflammation et la coagulation. Le potentiel des médicaments antiplaquettaires pour réduire les défaillances d'organes et améliorer le pronostic du sepsis est discuté. Cependant, l'activation plaquettaire et le détail de la cinétique d'activation plaquettaire dans le sepsis restent peu décrits, particulièrement chez l'Homme. Parallèlement, la crise COVID-19 a soulevé de nombreuses interrogations quant à la pathogénicité du virus et son impact sur la coagulation des patients de réanimation, présentant plus d'évènements thrombo-emboliques que de façon habituelle. Le rôle des plaquettes dans la physiopathologie de l'infection grave à SARS-CoV-2 reste encore à préciser. Ainsi le but de ce travail de thèse était double, travailler sur les fonctions plaquettaires au cours du sepsis puis, dans un second temps, mieux comprendre le rôle des plaquettes dans la pathogenèse de l'infection à SARS-CoV-2. Dans un premier temps, nous avons tenté de 2 déterminer le modèle animal précis d'étude du sepsis nous permettant une analyse de la cinétique d'activation plaquettaire. Nous avons ensuite utilisé ce modèle pour caractériser la cinétique d'activation des plaquettes au cours du choc septique. Nous avons dans un troisième temps réalisé la comparaison de l'activation plaquettaire chez des patients admis en réanimation polyvalente pour choc septique avec des sujets sains. Nous avons parallèlement étudié si le volume moyen plaquettaire (VMP) pouvait constituer un biomarqueur d'intérêt pour prédire la mortalité du choc septique chez l'Homme. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé le rôle des plaquettes dans la physiopathologie du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigu sévère COVID-19 en réanimation.Sepsis has been defined since 2016 as the presence of an infection associated with the occurrence of tissue damage at a distance from the infected site. Septic shock is one of the most serious complications. Sepsis is an inflammatory pathology mediated by activation of the innate immune system with host recognition of microbial products and danger signals by specific cellular receptors and the activation of multiple cell signaling pathways. Sepsis leads to a state of hypercoagulability characterized by the appearance of thrombi in the microcirculation, fibrin deposits, the formation of NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) and
endothelial lesions. The formation of thrombi, particularly in the microcirculation, leads to a defect in organ perfusion. Inhibition of platelet activation reduces platelet-inflammatory cell-endothelial inflammatory cells-endothelial cells interactions, which could theoretically block the cascade reaction between inflammation and coagulation. The potential of antiplatelet drugs to reduce organ failure and improve prognosis and improve the prognosis of sepsis is discussed. However, platelet activation and the details of the kinetics of platelet activation in sepsis remain poorly described, particularly in humans. In parallel, the COVID-19 crisis has raised many questions about the pathogenicity of the virus and its impact on the coagulation of patients in ICU, presenting more thrombo-embolic events than usual. The role of platelets in the pathophysiology of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection remains to be to be clarified. Thus, the aim of this thesis was twofold: to work on platelet functions during sepsis and then, in a second step, to better understand the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. First, we tried to determine the precise animal model for the study of sepsis that would allow us to analyze the kinetics of platelet activation. We then used this model to characterize the kinetics of platelet activation during septic shock. In a third step, we compared platelet activation thirdly, we compared platelet activation in patients admitted to a polyvalent intensive care unit for septic shock with healthy subjects. In parallel, we studied whether the mean platelet volume (MPV) could be a biomarker of interest to predict mortality in human septic shock. Finally, we characterized the role of platelets in the pathophysiology of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome COVID-19 in intensive care
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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