1,720,996 research outputs found
I "primi acquirenti"
No full textLa quota percentuale della produzione italiana di latte vaccino raccolta nel 2011/12 dai quattro maggiori “primi acquirenti” – vale a dire il CR4 – risulta pari al 13,4%; tale quota sale al 20,3% se si considerano le otto maggiori imprese: sono le stesse, collocate per giunta nel medesimo ordine, della campagna precedente. Entrambi gli indicatori, CR4 e CR8, nel 2011/12 evidenziano su base campagna una lieve flessione, ma a medio termine, vale a dire nel corso delle ultime sei campagne, risultano in forte crescita, anche per il fatto che le tre imprese di Lactalis (Galbani, Caravaggio Latte e Italatte) sono confluite in Italatte Spa, che dal 2007/08 è diventata il maggiore “primo acquirente” del Paese con una quota nel 2011/12 del 4,4%, in flessione di 0,7 punti percentuali nel corso dell’ultima campagna. Ai primi quattro posti, oltre a Italatte, si collocano nell’ordine, Granlatte, Soresina e Santangiolina, vale a dire una impresa privata multinazionale e tre cooperative, due attive in ambito locale e una a livello nazionale. Seguono, oltre a Parmalat, che fa parte del gruppo Italatte, altre tre cooperative: Consorzio Produttori Latte Milano, Assegnatari Associati Arborea e Consorzio Agri Piacenza Latte
How Differently Do Farms Respond to Agri-environmental Policies? A Probabilistic Machine-Learning Approach
Full text linkThis study evaluates the extent to which farmers respond heterogeneously to the agri-environmental policies implemented in the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Our identification and estimation strategy combines a theory-driven research design formalizing all possible sources of heterogeneity with a Bayesian additive regression trees algorithm. Results from a 2015–2018 panel of Italian farms show that the responsiveness to these policies may differ substantially across farms and farm groups. This suggests room for improvement in implementing these policies. We also argue that the specific features of the CAP call for a careful implementation of these empirical techniques
Differenziazione del prodotto e competizione tra marche nel mercato dei cereali da colazione
No full textDifferenziazione del prodotto e competizione tra marche nel mercato dei cereali da colazione analizzato mediante un modello di domanda "distance metrics
La produzione di latte secondo l'Agea nel 2014/15
No full textPartendo dai dati su consegne e vendite dirette di latte relativi ad ogni singolo produttore vengono esaminati i cambiamenti in atto nella struttura e nella localizzazione della produzione di latte in Italia. Nell'ultimo paragrafo, infine, si forniscono alcuni dettagli su età e genere degli imprenditori agricoli che gestiscono le imprese agricole che commercializzano latte vaccino
ORGANIZATIONAL AND TRADE ISSUES IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN: THE ROLE OF GM AND NON-GM PRODUCTS
No full textDa oltre vent’anni l’Unione Europea (UE) è protagonista di un acceso dibattito circa l’orami vasta adozione di OGM in agricoltura. Laddove la maggior parte dei paesi Nord e Sud americani ha già largamente introdotto tali colture, l’UE è invece in forte ritardo, complice una legislazione basata sul Principio di Precauzione. Queste discrepanze nei i processi legislativi hanno portato a galla alcune problematiche di carattere commerciale: primo, la riduzione delle disponibilità di materia prima non-OGM costituisce un problema per la stabilità delle filiere ad essa dedicate; secondo, il commercio di prodotti convenzionali è compromesso dalla possibilità di riscontrare varietà OGM non approvate in UE all’interno delle partite provenienti da paesi terzi. In ultimo, data l’ampia diffusione di OGM nelle Americhe, è lecito porsi il quesito di come tale tendenza abbia influito sui prezzi delle materie prime agricole. In questa tesi si cercherà di analizzare queste tematiche. Per prima cosa, ci occupiamo di capire come la filiera della soia non-OGM italiana sia organizzata e gestita in modo da minimizzare i rischi di presenza avventizia. La conclusione è che le forme di governance ibride garantiscono la migliore forma di gestione. Successivamente ci domandiamo se le diversità legislative in materia di OGM abbiamo un impatto sull’import Europeo di mais e soia. Utilizzando l’analisi della domanda, riscontriamo che i paesi esportatori competono o sul prezzo o in base alla disponibilità stagionale di prodotto. In ultimo, utilizzando serie storiche, analizziamo il ruolo del tasso di adozione di soia OGM sui prezzi reali; ciò che osserviamo indica che questo ha un effetto deflattivo di breve periodo, ma di scarso peso.The debate on the increasing adoption of GMOs in agriculture has been in vogue for the last twenty years. Whereas most North and South American countries have largely adopted GMOs, the European Union (EU) has not. Since the EU legislation is based on the Precautionary Principle, the introduction of new GM varieties has been slow. These discrepancies put forward some fundamental issues: first, the decreasing availability of non-GM raw materials poses the sustainability of these supply chains at risk; second, the trade of conventional products is undermined by the possible occurrence of unauthorized GMOs in overseas. Last, the wide adoption of GM crops in North and Latin America poses the question of what effect the spreading of biotechnology in agriculture has exerted on market prices. In this thesis, we try to answer these three research questions. First of all, we investigate how the Italian supply chain for non-GM soybean meal is framed and managed in order to reduce the risk of adventitious presence. We find that hybrid organizations represent the best governance form. Next, we assess the role of legislative diversities (regarding GMOs) on EU import decisions through import demand analysis. We conclude that competition among exporters is solely based on price and seasonality. Last, we disentangle the role of GMOs adoption on the variability of US soybean prices. Results indicate that a higher rate of adoption reduces real soybean market prices, yet the effect is short lived and not much relevant
Machine learning to predict grains futures prices
Full text linkAccurate commodity price forecasts are crucial for stakeholders in agricultural supply chains. They support informed marketing decisions, risk management, and investment strategies. Machine learning methods have significant potential to provide accurate forecasts by maximizing out-of-sample accuracy. However, their inherent complexity makes it challenging to understand the appropriate data pre-processing steps to ensure proper functionality. This study compares the forecasting performance of Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM-RNNs) with classical econometric time series models for corn futures prices. The study considers various combinations of data pre-processing techniques, variable clusters, and forecast horizons. Our results indicate that LSTM-RNNs consistently outperform classical methods, particularly for longer forecast horizons. In particular, our findings demonstrate that LSTM-RNNs are capable of automatically handling structural breaks, resulting in more accurate forecasts when trained on datasets that include such shocks. However, in our setting, LSTM-RNNs struggle to deal with seasonality and trend components, necessitating specific data pre-processing procedures for their removal
Economic Aspects of Segregation between GM and Non-GM Crops in Italy
No full textThis paper assesses the food supply chain for non-GM soybean meal, with particular regard to the upstream stages between overseas producers, international trading companies and their supply to Italian feed producers. Using Transaction Cost Economics as a methodological framework and the information collected from a set of interviews with industry representatives, we describe the organizational arrangements that agents adopt to minimize transaction costs. Consistently with theory, we examine the impact of uncertainty on the coordination arrangements. We focus on two dimensions of uncertainty, namely: product-quality uncertainty and environmental uncertainty. We argue that the actual organizational arrangements between transactors are consistent with the theory: whereas product-quality uncertainty and some degree of asset specificity would lead to vertically integrated forms of governance, environmental uncertainty operate in the opposite direction
Economic aspects of segregation between GM and non-GM Crops along the Food Supply Chain
No full textIn this paper, the structure of the market (the players involved, the strategic groups of firms) and its
governance (the ways stakeholders interact horizontally and vertically within the supply chain, the
contractual relationships, the organizational procedures, the standards) will be studied for the EU and international supply chains relevant to the EU trade. The focus will be on maize and soybeans
Product Differentiation and Brand Competition in the Italian Breakfast Cereal Market: a Distance Metric Approach
Full text linkThis article employs a nation-wide sample of supermarket scanner data to study product and brand competition in the Italian breakfast cereal market. A modified Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), that includes Distance Metrics (DMs) as proposed by Pinkse, Slade and Brett (2002), is estimated to study demand responses, substitution patterns, own-price and cross-price elasticities. Estimation results provide evidence of some degree of brand loyalty, while consumers do not seem loyal to the product type. Elasticity estimates point out the presence of patterns of substitution within products sharing the same brand and similar nutritional characteristics
Identity Preservation in International Feed Supply Chains - Préservation de l'identité dans les filières d'aliments du bétail internationales
No full textWith the progressive internationalisation of food and feed supply chains, Identity Preservation (IP) has become an important feature for traded agricultural products to ensure that the right product reaches the right customer. In this article, we focus on IP based on voluntary technical schemes for non-Genetically Modified (non-GM) crops. Three critical steps are identified along the supply chain: product management at the origination/destination port, product transportation and product processing in dedicated plants. Best management practices and coordination mechanisms are implemented by actors along the supply chain to ensure that the product maintains its IP. This translates into a higher degree of dependency among actors. Although ‘formal’ vertical integration through mergers and/or acquisition is rare, voluntary schemes require very tight coordination which is enforced through downstream-driven technical requirements and process certification standards. Market uncertainty is also observed, as the future availability of non-GM crops could become scarce, raising input prices for downstream firms. Food processors and retailers that invested in the non-GM attribute as part of their brand equity are those at higher risk. For these players it is crucial to assure product availability in the long run and to make sure consumers are willing to pay the extra costs of IP goods
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