1,721,027 research outputs found
Crotti P., Fiorini L., Ferraboli S., Baroncelli R., Sarrocco S., Vannacci G., Gobbi E. (2016) Velvet Complex and Gliotoxin Biosynthesis in Trichoderma afro-harzianum T6776.
No full textDiaporthe helianthi isolate DCDSL 1/96 (A3) intergenic spacer region and 18S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.
No full textSequenza AF51289
Genome resources for the endophytic fungus paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa
Full text linkParaphaeosphaeria genus includes plant pathogens or biocontrol agents as well as bioremediators and endophytic fungi. Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa 10515 was isolated in 2013 as an endophyte of Festuca spp. collected on Mount Etna at 1,832 meters above sea level. Here, we present the first-draft whole-genome sequence of a P. sporulosa endophytic isolate. This data will be useful for future research on understanding the genetic bases of endophytism
Insights on KP4 Killer Toxin-like Proteins of Fusarium Species in Interspecific Interactions
Full text linkKP4 killer toxins are secreted proteins that inhibit cell growth and induce cell death in target organisms. In Fusarium graminearum, KP4-like (KP4L) proteins contribute to fungal virulence in wheat seedling rot and are expressed during Fusarium head blight development. However, fungal KP4L proteins are also hypothesized to support fungal antagonism by permeabilizing cell walls of competing fungi to enable penetration of toxic compounds. Here, we report the differential expression patterns of F. graminearum KP4L genes (Fgkp4l-1, -2, -3 and -4) in a competitive interaction, using Trichoderma gamsii as the antagonist. The results from dual cultures indicate that Fgkp4l-3 and Fgkp4l-4 could participate in the recognition at the distance of the antagonist, while all Fgkp4l genes were highly activated in the pathogen during the physical interaction of both fungi. Only Fgkp4l-4 was up-regulated during the interaction with T. gamsii in wheat spikes. This suggests the KP4L proteins could participate in supporting F. graminearum interspecific interactions, even in living plant tissues. The distribution of KP4L orthologous within the genus Fusarium revealed they are more represented in species with broad host-plant range than in host-specific species. Phylogeny inferred provides evidence that KP4L genes evolved through gene duplications, gene loss and sequence diversification in the genus Fusarium
Pathogenic potential of beauveria pseudobassiana as bioinsecticide in protein baits for the control of the medfly ceratitis capitata
No full textThe medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae), is a major insect pest affecting fruit production worldwide whose control is mainly based on the use of protein baits laced with chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi are wellknown to be effective against a wide spectrum of insect pests and are commonly utilized in integrated pest management and biological control programs. Here, we assess the feasibility of using the recently described entomopathogenic species Beauveria pseudobassiana Rehner et Humber (Hypocreales Cordycipitaceae) as a biological insecticide in protein bait sprays for the control of the medfly. Firstly, we evaluated the pathogenicity of B. pseudobassiana against eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the medfly. Secondly, we tested its efficacy as bioinsecticide in protein bait sprays. The results of the pathogenicity tests showed that B. pseudobassiana is able to infect, and lead to the death, all instar of the medfly. The efficacy of B. pseudobassiana was confirmed also when used as bioinsecticide in protein baits. In planta tests, the survival probability (Kaplan-Meier estimates) of flies in contact with the B. pseudobassiana-laced protein bait was significantly lower respect to control. Median survival time of flies treated with B. pseudobassiana-laced protein (6 ± 1.422 d) was at least three times shorter than in control (> 20 d). Based on our results, we confirmed the potential of B. pseudobassiana as bioinsecticide in entomopathogenic fungi-laced protein baits for the control of tephritid fruit flies
A comparative study of Neogymnomyces virgineus, a new keratinolytic species from dung, and its relationships with the Onygenales
No full textIsolations of onygenalean fungi were made recently from different dung samples from Italy.. A striking snow-white species with gymnothecial ascomata, developed in damp chamber on dormouse dung collected in a cave, was subjected to keratinolytic tests and morphological, cultural, and phylogenetic studies. The keratinolytic ability of this species, associated with a Chrysosporium anamorph and a sexual state of appendiculate reticuloperidia and oblate ascospores, allows it to be accomodated in Onygenaceae. White ascomata, blunt or subcapitate peridial appendages, pitted ascospores, and tuberculate conidia suggest it to be a new Neogymnomyces, and this was confirmed by parsimony analyses of LSU and ITS nrDNA sequences. Following recent phylogenetic analyses, the morphological and physiological features of order Onygenales and its families are re–examined and discussed. After the introduction of a new species, Neogymnomyces is reviewed and compared with all other genera in Onygenaceae. The Chrysosporium imperfect state of Neogymnomyces virgineus is described and compared to the anamorph of N. demonbreunii. It is also compared to the atypical Chrysosporium merdarium and to several other Chrysosporium species with echinulate to verrucose–tuberculate conidia, isolated from guano, dung, and nitrogen–rich soils in caves. The onygenalean fungi isolated from any kind of dung are discussed and their facultative coprophily ascribed to variable faecal contents of keratin or other degradable substances. A key to the families and genera of the Onygenales is provided
Draft whole-genome sequence of Trichoderma gamsii T6085, a promising biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight on wheat
No full textTrichoderma gamsii T6085 is a promising beneficial isolate whose effects consist of growth inhibition of the main agents causing Fusarium head blight, reduction of mycotoxin accumulation, competition for wheat debris, and reduction of the disease in both the lab and the field. Here, we present the first genome assembly of a T. gamsii isolate, providing a useful platform for the scientific community
Laccase activity in Trichoderma virens
No full textFungal laccases are involved in multiple functions, such as lignin degradation, pigments (melanin) synthesis and degradation, detoxification and pathogenesis. Furthermore, they are useful biocatalysts for several biotechnological applications.
The laccase gene function was previously analysed in T. virens, an effective biocontrol agent: six genes were identified and one of them was deleted and shown to be involved in the mycoparasitic activity against B. cinerea sclerotia. Laccase activity in some Trichoderma spp. is also associated with the production of green pigment in conidial spores.
Further investigations on the laccase gene family in T. virens were performed in order to explore mechanisms putatively involved in ligninolysis, conidiogenesis and industrial dyes decolorization.
Laccase functions in lignocellulosic process and sporulation mechanisms were studied by growing T. virens on two different substrates: wheat straw liquid medium, containing lignocellulose as the only carbon source, or solid Hölker medium, formulated to induce spore formation. In addition liquid cultures containing twelve commercial textile dyes were set up and T. virens efficiently decolorized three of them. Biochemical and expression analyses performed on these different experimental systems suggested different roles of the relative enzymes in regulating multiple mechanisms.
In conclusion information is gained about some properties of the T. virens laccase gene family. Six genes are shown to be differentially involved in physiological processes in T. virens some of which are important for its fitness or antagonistic attitude and other are exploitable in biotechnological applications related to ligninolysis or to textile dyes decolorization
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