1,721,001 research outputs found
Glutamate mGlu₂ receptor phosphorylation : a key mechanism of its functional cross talk with the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
No full textLes récepteurs 5-HT2A de la sérotonine et mGlu2 du glutamate suscitent un grand intérêt vu la dérégulation des deux récepteurs observée dans la schizophrénie et leur statut de cibles des antipsychotiques dits atypiques et de nouvelle génération, respectivement. Même si les antipsychotiques atypiques ciblant le récepteur 5-HT2A ont montré une efficacité contre les symptômes positifs, leur effet reste très limité contre les symptômes négatifs et cognitifs, et leurs effets secondaires nombreux. Depuis les années 1990, une nouvelle classe d’antipsychotiques ciblant le système glutamatergique, en particulier le récepteur mGlu2, est en développement. Les tests cliniques n’ont montré leur efficacité que pour les patients n’ayant pas été traités auparavant par des antipsychotiques atypiques. Ceci suggère une interaction fonctionnelle forte entre les récepteurs 5-HT2A et mGlu2 dans le mode d’action de ces deux classes d’antipsychotiques. De plus, plusieurs études ont démontré l’existence d’un hétéromère des deux récepteurs dans le cortex préfrontal qui semble important pour la réponse aux hallucinogènes et aux antipsychotiques ciblant l’un ou l’autre récepteur. Ainsi, étant donné l’impact du profil de phosphorylation adopté par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG) sur leur fonction, j’ai caractérisé au cours de ma thèse l’impact de la co-expression du récepteur 5-HT2A sur le profil de phosphorylation du récepteur mGlu2 en réponse à différentes stimulations. Parmi les 5 sites de phosphorylation identifiés, la phosphorylation de la Ser843 est potentialisée en réponse à la stimulation par un agoniste du récepteur mGlu2 uniquement lorsque le récepteur 5-HT2A est co-exprimé. Ces résultats ont été validés grâce à la génération d’un nouvel anticorps dirigé spécifiquement contre la forme phosphorylée de la Ser843 sur culture cellulaire HEK-293 et in vivo dans le cortex préfrontal de souris, région où les deux récepteurs sont co-exprimés. Des études fonctionnelles ont démontré que la phosphorylation de la Ser843 est nécessaire à la potentialisation de l’activité Gi/o du récepteur mGlu2 en réponse à ses agonistes et constitue un cross-talk fonctionnel entre les deux récepteurs puisque les agonistes du récepteur 5-HT2A stimulent également la phosphorylation de la Ser843 du récepteur mGlu2. Ainsi, mes résultats de thèse ont permis d’identifier la phosphorylation du récepteur mGlu2 sur la Ser843 comme un événement moléculaire clé du cross-talk fonctionnel avec le récepteur 5-HT2A et apporte un élément important dans la compréhension du mode d’action des antipsychotiques atypiques et de nouvelle génération.The serotonin 5-HT2A and glutamate mGlu2 receptors keep on attracting particular attention given their implication in psychosis associated with schizophrenia and in the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics and of a new class of antipsychotics, respectively. Though atypical antipsychotics, targeting 5-HT2A receptor, are efficient against positive symptoms, these drugs do not act against negative, cognitive symptoms and display many side effects. Since the 90’s, new classes of antipsychotics triggering glutamatergic system, in particular mGlu2 receptor, have been developed. Their clinical trials have shown efficacy only in patients who have not been previously treated with atypical antipsychotics. This suggests a strong interaction between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptors in the mechanism of action of both classes of antipsychotics. Moreover, a large body of evidence indicates the presence, in prefontal cortex, of 5-HT2A/mGlu2 heteromer that is important for the response to hallucinogens and antipsychotics targeting one receptor or the other. Thus, in view of the importance of the phosphorylation profile adopted by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) on their activity, I characterized the impact of 5-HT2A receptor co-expression on the phosphorylation profile of mGlu2 receptor in response to various stimulations. Among the five identified phosphorylated residues, the phosphorylation of Ser843 increases upon mGlu2 receptor stimulation only when the 5-HT2A receptor is co-expressed. A new antibody against the phosphorylated form of Ser843 confirmed these results in HEK-293 cells and in mouse prefrontal cortex, area where both receptors are co-expressed. Functional studies demonstrated that Ser843 phosphorylation is necessary to enhance Gi/o signaling of mGlu2 receptor and constitutes a functional crosstalk between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptor since 5-HT2A receptor agonists also stimulate Ser843 phosphorylation. Collectively, my thesis findings identify mGlu2 receptor phosphorylation at Ser843 as a key molecular event of the functional crosstalk with 5-HT2A receptor that might be critical to understand the mechanism of action of atypical and potential future antipsychotics treatments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Protéomique fonctionnelle de la signalisation de la kinase AKT dans le cancer du sein
No full textLILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF
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