1,720,995 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Regulation of cell migration by ERRα
No full textLe récepteur ERRα (Estrogen Receptor-Related Receptor alpha) appartient à la superfamille des récepteurs nucléaires. Une forte expression de ERRα est corrélée à un mauvais pronostic, suggérant l’implication de ce récepteur dans le processus métastatique. Mon projet est d'analyser le rôle de ERRα dans les mouvements cellulaires. J’ai montré qu’inhiber ERRα perturbe la migration cellulaire. L’étude des mouvements montre que l’absence de ERRα induit une perturbation de l’orientation cellulaire, du nombre des fibres de stress et des protrusions membranaires. Les cellules migrent de façon désorientée. J’ai démontré l’existence d’une cascade de régulation où ERRα stimule transcriptionnellement l'expression de la protéine BACURD2/TNFAIP1, elle-même régulant la stabilité de RhoA. Inhiber ERRα induit également une surexpression de RhoA, sa suractivation et une perturbation de la migration orientée. Cette cascade a été confirmée par des expériences de complémentation. J’ai vérifié ces résultats par des expériences in vivo et ex vivo, chez les souris KO pour ERRα. L’absence de ce récepteur induit une diminution de l’expression de TNFAIP1 inhibant la dégradation de RhoA et entrainant finalement une perturbation des mouvements cellulaires. Ainsi ERRα régule positivement la migration cellulaire conduisant à une forte potentialité métastatique dans les tumeurs surexprimant ce récepteur.L’ensemble de mes résultats pourrait faire de ERRα une nouvelle cible en vue de nouvelles thérapies anticancéreuses et nous pourrions proposer BACURD2/ TNFAIP1 comme un nouveau marqueur de pronostic dans les cancers.High expression of the orphan nuclear receptor ERRα is strongly correlated with poor prognosis in various types of tumors, including those of the breast. The fact that high ERRα expression in tumors is also correlated with elevated invasiveness suggests that this nuclear receptor positively regulates cell migration and invasiveness.This possibility was investigated using MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line as a model. Inactivating ERRα impairs cell migration. Using time-lapse-based cell tracking analysis and Golgi positioning, we show that this impairment is not due to reduced migration speed but rather to cell disorientation. The enhanced number of cell protrusions present in migrating cells and disorganized actin fibers confirm this. In summary cells do migrate but do not sustain persistent linear movement. We observed that upon ERRα inactivation, RhoA, which is instrumental in oriented movement, is overexpressed at the protein level. Further analysis showed that the stability and proteasome-dependent degradation of the protein is affected. To analyze the relationship between ERRα (as a transcription factor) and RhoA protein stability we performed a transcriptomic analysis comparing (by RNA-Seq) wt cells to ERRα-depleted ones. We identified genes regulated by ERRα that are involved in both cell migration (as a biological process) and in protein stability and degradation, more specifically that of RhoA protein (as a molecular process). TNFAIP1/Bacurd2 is stimulated by ERRα and fits these criteria: this protein mediates the Culin3-based, proteasome-dependent of RhoA and its inactivation leads to defects in cell migration.TNFAIP1/RhoA cascade is a major downstream effector of ERRα in cell migratio
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
An interactive network between ERRα-LSD1 promotes gene transcription via H3K9 demethylation
No full textLes récepteurs nucléaires sont des facteurs de transcription qui exercent leur fonction via le contrôle de la transcription de leurs gènes cibles, une régulation qui est dépendante de cofacteurs associés. Les complexes transcriptionnels ainsi formés dialogueront avec l’environnement chromatinien (méthylation de l’ADN, remodelage des nucléosomes, modifications post-traductionnelles des histones) afin de promouvoir la répression ou l’activation transcriptionnelle des cibles géniques de ces récepteurs. Ce projet a identifié une interaction entre la lysine déméthylase LSD1 et le récepteur nucléaire orphelin ERRα dans des cellules humaines de cancers du sein. LSD1 protège ERRα d’une dégradation protéasomale de manière indépendante de son activité catalytique. Par ailleurs, LSD1 déméthyle H3K9 et H3K4 in vivo, mais est incapable in vitro de déméthyler H3K9. La présence de ERRα révèle cette activité de LSD1 sur H3K9, suggérant que le complexe ERRα -LSD1 agit comme un régulateur positif de la transcription. En ce sens, ERRα et LSD1 régulent un nombre important de gènes communs identifiés par RNAseq. Ainsi, 10 gènes activés ont été sélectionnés et le recrutement de ERRα et LSD1 a été examiné sur ces cibles géniques. En association avec les résultats obtenus in vitro, nous avons observé in vivo qu’en absence de ERRα ou LSD1, les gènes activés par ces deux partenaires présentent une augmentation de la marque répressive H3K9me2 sans affecter H3K4me2 au niveau du site d’initiation de la transcription. En conclusion, LSD1 interagit avec ERRα et inhibe sa dégradation, conduisant à une coopération transcriptionnelle de ces protéines. Pour la première fois, un rôle direct de ERRα sur l’environnement chromatinien a été identifié via l’activité de LSD1 sur des marques répressives d’histones.Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that cooperate with chromatin associated factors to promote their activities. These transcriptional complexes are able to modulate the chromatin landscape to repress or promote transcription. Interestingly, there is an intricate cross-talk between these complexes and the chromatin environment that can influence each other to coordinate gene expression led by nuclear receptors. Post-translational modifications of histones regulate in part, DNA accessibility and the activities of nuclear receptors. One of these histone modifiers is LSD1, which is known to demethylate lysines 4 (H3K4) and 9 (H3K9) on histone 3. This manuscript focuses on the discovered LSD1-ERRα complex in human cancer cell lines. LSD1 interacts with ERRα, hence, modulates ERRα protein stability via a demethylation independent manner. Moreover, LSD1 is able to demethylate H3K4me2 in vitro but not H3K9me2. Interestingly, we observed that ERRα is able to switch LSD1 activity toward H3K9me2 to promote gene transcription without any additional cofactor in vitro. To confirm this effect in vivo, a transcriptomic analysis on mammary cancer cells was performed and highlights common target genes between ERRα and LSD1. We selected 10 genes activated by both and verified ERRα and LSD1 recruitment on these targets. Moreover, upon knock-down of ERRα or LSD1, the transcriptional start sites of activated genes -bound and regulated by both proteins- are enriched in the repressive mark H3K9me2. Altogether, these results describe a positive regulation of ERRα by LSD1 which in turn, drives the demethylase activity on H3K9me2 to promote transcription. Finally, these data highlight a direct function of ERRα on chromatin landscape
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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