1,721,035 research outputs found
A retrospective study of the results with the Austin Moore prosthesis in intracapsular femur fractures
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, D. F., De Klerk, A. J. & Vlok, G. J. 1990. Resultate van die Austin Moore-prostese in intrakapsulere femurnekfrakture in Tygerberg-Hospitaal : 'n retrospektiese ondersoek. South African Medical Journal, 77:519-522.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaA retrospective study was done on 116 patients who received an Austin Moore prosthesis at Tygerberg Hospital between 1982 and 1983. The patients all had displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures (Garden type III or IV). Although the Moore prosthesis must be fitted meticulously for good results, the operation can be performed effectively by the less experienced surgeon. This cementless monoprosthesis is a good option for the elderly and/or poor-risk patient with a limited life expectancy. It has a low intraoperative mortality, a low percentage of re-operation and results in early and good mobilisation. In contrast to series on cemented prosthesis, we had a very low sepsis rate. In comparison to a total hip replacement, this is much cheaper prosthesis and operation.Publisher’s versio
Strafregtelike beskerming van inligting
Get PDFIn hierdie proefskrif is die belangrike rol wat inligting tans en toenemend in die samelewing speel ondersoek, om te beklemtoon hoe noodsaaklik dit tans is om `n misdryf wat die wederregtelike en opsetlike verkryging van inligting strafbaar sal reël, te verorden. Die rol wat industriële spioenasie in die verband speel word uitgelig. As gevolg van die bepaalde onliggaamlike aard van inligting kan inligting nie soos liggaamlike eiendom `n persoon ontneem word nie. Inligting word gewoonlik bloot gekopieer en die oorspronklike houer van die inligting behou die inligting hoewel die dader ook die inligting verkry. Die gemeenregtelike misdaad van diefstal maak dus nie voorsiening vir die diefstal van inligting waar die inligting bloot gekopieer of gedupliseer is nie.
Om te bepaal hoe hierdie bepaalde probleem in ander lande se regstelsels aangespreek word en om kennis op te doen oor hoe dit in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg aangespreek behoort te word, is die strafregtelike bepalings en selfs nie-strafregtelike bepalings in lande soos Engeland, Amerika, Kanada en Nederland ondersoek.
Ten einde vas te stel welke inligting deur die strafreg beskerm behoort te word, is selfs sekere nie-strafregtelike bepalings van vermelde lande en van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg nagegaan. Insigte is verkry oor welke elemente sodanige inligting aan moet voldoen en `n definisie van beskermwaardige inligting word aanbeveel. Vir hierdie doel is `n nuwe begrip van beskermwaardige inligting geskep.
Die redes waarom diefstal van inligting nie in Suid-Afrikaanse en die ander lande se regstelsels nie erken word nie, is bespreek. Die wyse waarop die gemeenregtelike misdaad van diefstal na die diefstal van onliggaamlike geld uitgebrei is, is ondersoek waarna `n aanbeveling gemaak word oor hoe die definisie van diefstal uitgebrei kan word om ook ander onliggaamlike objekte in te sluit. As gevolg van die bepaalde aard van inligting kan die gemeenregtelike definisie van diefstal nie uitgebrei word om inligting as `n objek in te sluit nie en word `n statutêre misdryf van diefstal van inligting voorgestel.LL. D.Jurisprudenc
Wetgewing teen elektroniese betreding
Get PDFText in AfrikaansParralel met die snelle groei van rekenaartegnologie en die groteiwordende rol wat rekenaars in ans
alledaagse lewe speel, is daar ongelukkig 'n toename in die misbruik van rekenaars. Benewens die
wyses om rekenaarmisbruik by wyse van remedies in die siviele reg aan te spreek, is dit hoofsaaklik
die taak van die strafreg om sodanige misbruik te kriminaliseer en deur middel van straf sulke
misbruik te voorkom en oortreders af te skrik. Uit 'n ontleding van die Suid-Afrikaanse strafreg het dit
geblyk dat bestaande misdrywe, beide gemeenregtelik en statuter, nie voldoende rekenaarmisbruik
kan kriminaliseer en aanspreek nie. Wetgewing blyk die mees gepaste optossing te wees. Uit 'n
regsvergelykende studie van die hantering van rekenaarmisbruik in jurisdiksies waar die wetgewer
verskillende benaderings toegepas het, het dit geblyk dat die mees gepaste wyse om
rekenaarmisbruik te kriminaliseer sal wees om ongemagtigde rekenaarbetreding as moedermisdaad
te bestraf aangesien dit die fondament is waarop enige verdere misbruik van 'n rekenaar gebaseer
word. Daarbenewens moet verdere meer spesifieke misbruikshandelinge wyd omskryfword as
misdrywe, ten opsigte van meer emstige misbruik na betreding van 'n rekenaarParallel with the growth in computer technology and increasing use of computers, there has been
an increase in computer misuse. In addition to addressing different methods of computer misuse in
terms of civil law remedies, it is mainly the task of the criminal law to criminalise such misuse, prevent
computer misuse and deter offenders by means of punishment. It was clear from a study of South
African criminal law that existing offences, both statutory and in terms of the common law, do not
criminalise and address computer misuse effectively. It therefore seems that legislation would be the
most appropriate solution. It appeared from a comparative study of jurisdictions where legislators
approach computer misuse differently, that the most effective way of criminalising computer misuse
would be to criminalise una1,1thorised computer accessing as basic offence. In addition thereto more
specific further acts of serious computer misuse, defined broadly, should be criminalisedLL.M. (Criminal & Procedural Law)Criminal and Procedural La
A critical study of the authentication requirements of section 2 of the Computer Evidence Act No. 57 of 1983
Get PDFThe aim of this dissertation is to show the shortcomings of the Computer Evidence
Act No 57 of 1983 , in so far as the requirements of authentication of computer
generated documents before their admissibility as evidence in a court of law.LL.M
Issues of civil liability arising from the use of expert systems
Get PDFComputers have become indispensable in all walks of life, causing people to rely
increasingly on their accurate performance. Defective computer programs, the
incorrect use of computer programs and the non-use of computer programs can
cause serious damage. Expert systems are an application of artificial intelligence
techniques whereby the human reasoning process is simulated in a computer system,
enabling the system to act as a human expert when executing a task. Expert
systems are used by professional users as an aid in reaching a decision and by nonprofessional
users to solve a problem or to decide upon a specific course of action.
As such they can be compared to a consumer product through which professional
services are sold. The various parties that may possibly be held liable in the event
of damage suffered by the use of expert systems are identified as consisting of two
main groups, namely the producers and the users. Because of the frequent
exemption of liability for any consequential loss in standard form computer contracts,
the injured user may often have only a delictual action at her disposal. The faultbased
delictual actions in SA law give inadequate protection to unsuspecting software
users who incur ·personal and property damage through the use of defective expert
systems since it is almost impossible for an unsophisticated injured party to prove the
negligence of the software developer during the technical production process. For
this reason it is recommended that software liability be grounded on strict liability in
analogy to the European Directive on Liability for Defective Products. It is also
pointed out that software standards and quality assurance procedures have a major
role to play in the determination of the elements of wrongfulness and negligence in
software liability and that the software industry should be accorded professional
status to ensure a safe standard of computer programming.LL.D.Private La
The constitutional influence on bail
No full textText in AfrikaansWanneer die konstitusionele invloed op borgstelling in die bree bespreek word, moet die
bepalings van die Grondwet 200 van 1993 met inbegrip van die Handves van Menseregte en die
onderliggende waardes, beginsels en doelstellings daartoe binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks
inaggeneem word. Die algemene transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap in 'n
verteenwoordigende demokrasie, veelvolkigheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap,
eskalerende misdaadsyfer, wantroue van die gemeenskap in die regstelsel en die beklemtoning van
fundamentele regte is aspekte wat figureer binne die Suid-Afrikaanse borgtogreg. Die
tradisionele benadering dat die bewyslas op die beskuldigde rus tydens borgtogverrigtinge is
binne die moderne borgtogreg en in die lig van die Grondwet 200 van 1993 asook die Tweede
Strafproseswysigingswet 75 van 1995 onvanpas. As algemene reel behoort die bewyslas by 'n
borgaansoek op die staat te rus op oorwig van waarskynlikhede. In sekere spesifiek omskrewe
gevalle soos vervat inartikel60(11) van die Tweede Strafproseswysigingswet rus die bewyslas op die
beskuldigde. Hierdie beperking is regverdigbaar in tenne van artike133 van die Grondwet
200 van 1993. Daar bestaan verder nie voldoende rede om nie gebruik te maak van die
bewyslasbegrip as gevestigde prosessuele maatreel tydens borgverrigtinge nie. In die moderne
Suid-Afrikaanse borgtogreg moet 'n balans gehandhaaf word tussen die belange van die gemeenskap en
die fundamentele regte van die individu. Die howe moet in elke spesifieke geval· inhoud aan hierdie
beginsel verleen.When the effect of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 200 of 1993 on bail is
considered, the transformation of the South African community, multi-racial society, high
crimerate, disillusionment of the community with regard to the courtsystem and importance of
fundamental rights must be regarded. The traditional approach that the onus is upon the accused
(in his capacity as applicant) to prove on a balance of probability that the court should exercise
its discretion in favour of granting bail and, in discharging this burden, he must show that the
interests of justice will not be prejudiced, is in terms ofthe Constitution 200 of 1993 and the
Criminal Procedure Second Amendment Act 75 of 1995 unacceptable. It is submitted that the onus
should be on the State to place grounds before the Court why there should be an exercise of
discretion in favour of the State for further detention of the individual. In terms of certain
spesific crimes as described in article 60(11) of the Criminal Procedure Second Amendment Act theis
placed on the accused. This exception is acceptable as it prescribes to
the requirements in article 33 of the Constitution 200 of 1993. It is submitted that there is no
reason why onus as excepted evidentiary rule should not be used in bail applications. A
balance between the interest of the community and fundamental rights of the individual must be kept
in modern law regarding bail. It is in the hands of the courts to substantiate this balance.LL.M. (Criminal & Procedural Law)Criminal and Procedural La
Film Production Centre: exploring a layered narrative Bloemfontein, South Africa
No full textThe focus of this dissertation stems from an interest in film creation - the process from production to post production. Architects gather data from site to design on plan, elevation and section to create spaces with perspective as a tool of interpretation and envisioning. Film design uses the same rules as a site influence narrative. Film uses these same rules of perspective to envision scenes and use a frame by frame sequence to portray the visual storytelling. South Africa has established itself over the years as a place rich with environments and spaces to portray these narratives through the visual art form of film. The proposed design is film production facilities in Bloemfontein The idea is, to produce films on an international standard. The site is situated behind Naval Hill between Long Street and Rudolph Greyling Street on the piece of land that were used for transportation services. Most of these spaces have been abandoned and the existing train station on the site is being used for the project. These spaces exist in a vast natural landscape empowered by the industrial architecture in the context, creating edges and boundaries between nature and an industrial environment. The idea for this project arose from the lack of professional facilities in South Africa for production of large-scale films. The only facilities that are currently available are found in Cape Town, and these only provide services that can accommodate a few productions at a time. The idea is for the proposed facilities to make provision for the production of international standard films; to accommodate the film crews involved and to invite members of the public to visit the film sets for educational tours. The intervention aims to embrace the landscapes of Bloemfontein and to question the existing typology of film production facilities. The research conducted in this document investigates the typology of Film production facilities and educational facilities as a regeneration of space within an existing structure in a rural environment. It seeks to investigate the possibility of coming up with a new film-production process. The idea is to create a link between the film production process and the architectural design process in order to create spaces that can relate to film and the environment, and at the same time meet the requirements for film production. The dissertation will firstly identify the challenges and perimeters associated with the project through statements of aims and a research question. Thereafter, it will seek to explore and ground the concepts relating to the challenges through research, analysis, and interpreting literature. These concepts and theories will be applied as design methodologies in order to create a design and technical synthesis. Finally, the dissertation will seek to reflect on and evaluate the complete investigative process in terms of the final design synthesis and the way in which the conceptual exploration and research aided its development
Discourses of silence : judicial responses to industrial action as an archaeolgy of juridification
Get PDFA study of silences: as a metaphysics of the law, juridification silences the text of the law in order
to enable an allegorical reading of the law. This silencing of the legal text can only be avoided
through a non-metaphysical archaeological reading. Similarly, the programme of comparative
labour law is silent at its most pivotal points, leaving some concerns of the programme
indeterminate and indeterminable.
As context, the dominant discourses of the labour law systems of the Federal Republic of
Germany (Tarifautonomie), Great Britain (collective laizzesfaire) and South Africa (fairness)
are identified and the agents of the jurisprudence (the courts) are briefly outlined. The silence
operating within the phenomenology of the labour judiciary and the concept of a 'court' is also
examined.
The study then proceeds to read, in an archaeological manner, the industrial action jurisprudence
in Germany, Great Britain and South Africa, such readings again yielding silences within the
discourse of the law.
The silences occurring throughout (and the resulting normative breaches in the rationality of the
legal discourse) are the prerequisites for juridification, a process in terms of which the metajuridical
standard is imported into the legal normative system and thereby rendered part of the
archival discourse of the law.LL.D
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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