1,720,955 research outputs found
Acting with the environment to learn computer science in primary school
No full textInscrite dans les programmes scolaires français de l’école depuis 2015, l’initiation à la programmation informatique doit permettre aux élèves d’acquérir une pensée informatique pour savoir comment résoudre un problème plus ou moins complexe. Plus concrètement, elle vise l’acquisition de notions informatiques, technologiques et robotiques de base. Dans notre contexte, des scénarios pédagogiques conçus collectivement par des enseignant·es sont mis en œuvre dans les classes au moyen de technologies informatiques, comme les robots scolaires, les tablettes et les ordinateurs, et par un ensemble d’interactions verbales, conduites avec les élèves et entre les élèves. L’étude est compréhensive et son approche abductive. Pour déterminer les conditions de l’activité d’apprentissage des écolier·es, elle s’appuie sur les cadres théoriques de l’activité et de la perspective écologique qui trouvent leur conciliation dans certaines approches et méthodes de l’ergonomie francophone et des interactions hu main-machine. L’analyse de la tâche mobilisée permet de repérer le cheminement des élèves dans leur environnement d’apprentissage sociotechnique pour y relever des facilitateurs ou des obstacles à leur activité. Les résultats sont issus de trois phases d’analyse. Premièrement, l’analyse des environnements d’apprentissage, s’appuyant sur une documentation, des observations audio-vidéo de l’activité enseignante et des entretiens, permet de préciser, suivant les motivations et mises en œuvre des enseignant·es dans leur classe lues au regard des prescriptions institutionnelles, les objectifs et moyens de l’enseignement de l’informatique au début de l’école élémentaire. Il s’agit de faire entrer les écolier·es dans les apprentissages, par la prise en main d’une technologie numérique et l’initiation à la démarche de recherche Deuxièmement, l’analyse de l’activité des élèves dans ces environnements sociotechniques, appuyée sur des enregistrements audio-vidéo focalisés sur leurs actions et échanges, met notamment en évidence les possibilités d’agir offertes par l’environnement et mobilisées par les écolier·es : le partage des tâches est une affordance saillante de leur activité. Finalement, la mise en regard de l’activité des élèves et des environnements d’apprentissage permet de relever les conditions de l’activité d’apprentissage. En particulier, les fonctions des robots scolaires, comme la scénarisation des séances par les enseignant·es, facilitent la collaboration entre les élèves, malgré leur jeune âge. Ces résultats nous permettent d’affirmer la pertinence de l’analyse de l’activité à partir de la tâche et du point de vue des affordances pour identifier les déterminants de l’activité d’apprentissage de l’informatique à l’école primaire.Included in French school curricula since 2015, the introduction to computer programming aims at enabling students to acquire computational thinking in order to learn how to solve a more or less complex problem. More concretely, it aims at acquiring knowledge of the basics of computer, technological and robotic notions. In the present context, pedagogical scenarios designed collectively by teachers are implemented in classrooms, supported by school robots, tablets and computers, and a set of verbal interactions conducted with students and between students. The study adopts a comprehensive and abductive approach. To determine the conditions of the learning activity of students, we rely on the theoretical framework of the activity and the ecological perspective which find their conciliation in certain approaches and methods of the French-speaking ergonomics, as well as that of the human-machine interactions. The analysis of the mobilized task offers to identify the students’ progress in their sociotechnical learning environment in order to identify facilitators or obstacles to their activity. The results of the research are based on three phases of analysis. Firstly, the analysis of learning environments, based on documentation, audio-video observations of teaching activity and interviews, allows us to specify, according to the motivations and implementations of teachers in their classroom read with regard to the institutional prescriptions, the objectives and means of teaching computer science at the beginning of primary schools. It is a question of getting schoolchildren into the learning process, by handling a digital technology and introducing them to the research process. Secondly, the analysis of the students' activity in these sociotechnical environments, based on audio-video recordings focused on their actions and exchange, highlights the possibilities for action offered by the environment and mobilized by schoolchildren: the sharing of tasks is a salient affordance of their activity. Finally, the comparison of the students’ activity and the learning environments makes it possible to identify the conditions of the learning activity. The functions of the school robots as well as the scripting of the sessions by the teachers facilitate the collaboration between the students, despite their young age. These results confirm the relevance of task-based and affordances-based activity analysis in identifying the determinants of computer learning activity in primary schools
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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