1,721,159 research outputs found
Editorial Perspective: Rethinking child and adolescent mental health care after COVID-19
No full textWhile COVID-19 pandemic has allegedly passed its first peak in most western countries, health systems are progressively adapting to the ‘new normality’. In child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), such organizational envisioning is needed to cope with the foreseeable psychological effects of prolonged social isolation induced by nation-wide public health measures such as school closure. CAMHS need to ensure flexible responses to the psychopathological consequences of evolving societal dynamics, as dramatically actualized by the unexpected COVID-19 pandemic. This would imply (a) shifting the focus of intervention from symptom reduction and containment of acute crises in a comparatively small number of severe cases to a broader preventive strategy, guided by a gradient of increasing intensity and specificity of treatment; (b) promoting smooth access pathways into services and encouraging participation of families; (c) adopting a transdiagnostic staging model to capture the developmental fluctuations from subsyndromal to syndromal states and back, with related changes in the intensity of the need of care; and (d) implementing digital tools to encourage help-seeking and compliance by digitally native youth
Migration history, minorities status and risk of psychosis: An epidemiological explanation and a psychopathological insight
No full textObjectives A marked increased incidence of psychosis in migrants and ethnic minorities is a well established phenomenon. We aim to review data and insights arising from epidemiological and clinical/ psychopathological studies regarding the relationship between migration history, minority status and risk of psychosis in order to evaluate the experiences of migrants and minority ethnic groups in host societies. Method A qualitative literature review was conducted to identify population surveys, services based studies, and clinical and biological studies on the relationship between migration and/ or minority status and psychosis. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, PsychINFO and EMBASE. The search was supplemented by references provided by personal bibliographies of the investigators and by hand searching content pages of journals considered relevant to the topic. The search was run in June 2015. Results Risk differences related to minority groups vary in different countries. Socio-environmental risk factors faced by origin groups operate differently in the countries, depending on social experiences and available resources to cope with adversities. In addition, social factors can represent environmental risk factors because they might regulate gene expression. Facing severe or chronic social stress, such as isolation, low socio-economic status, late-life social adversities may result in long-term sometimes permanent alterations of the biological stress-response system, which can lead to the development of physical and mental illnesses. A number of studies have taken into account psychopathological and clinical features at psychosis onset and follow-up, and they do not support the suggestion that misdiagnosis can explain the high rates found in those populations. Conclusions Reviewed papers cover a period of more than 30 years and highlight that history of migration and minority status might both be important in increasing the risk of psychosis. Clinical studies reported that psychopathological differences and misdiagnosis cannot explain the excess of psychosis found in migrants and ethnic minorities. The excess of psychosis in migrant and ethnic minorities may be at least attenuated by several psychosocial interventions, targeted at social disadvantages and at most at-risk individuals and populations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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